Proverbs 25-26
Proverbs 25 begins a section that was supposedly recorded by King Hezekiah and attributed to Solomon. They open with the challenge to the king to seek the will of God in the world. Also, the nobles of the court are challenged to seek their own glory but to do what is right, particularly in dealing with neighbors and friends. Again, appropriate language and words is lifted up as a sign of wisdom.
Proverbs 26 goes into much detail to describe how a fool lives and why their lives are counter-productive.
1 Thessalonians 4
Paul continues to exhort the Thessalonians to live as they have been, but doing it more fervently. It is clear that this community has truly lived out the teachings that Paul has passed along but Paul asks them to strive even further in loving God and one another, to pursue virtuous living and refrain from the temptations of the flesh.
If there was an issue that Paul was writing to address, it might be answered in verse 13. It is possible that many in the community believed that those who have died before the return of Jesus Christ would not be joined in the Resurrection. Paul writes to dispel this notion, that all, living and dead, will be raised with Jesus at his coming.
Backlogged Posts
Ezra 9-10
It would seem that part of the problem of rebuilding Jerusalem is due to the purity of the people, they are not following the command of God to be a holy people. This charge was given to the people of Israel when they entered into the Promised Land, they were to remain separate from the people of the land for they were unclean. However in Ezra 9, we read that the people of Israel have not remained separate but have married into families of the land. If one could not remain separate in marriage, then what other kinds of behavior were the Israelites following? Ezra upon hearing this word, falls into grief and mourning and prays, confessing the sins of the people and seeking forgiveness from God.
The people gather around Ezra in Ezra 10 and they join in the mourning. They decide to "send away" wives and children of mixed marriages, which means they are divorced, not really sent away. However, how is this accomplished? It is decided a committee (surprise, surprise) should be formed to interview the people and a list of 133 names are brought forward. Does not seem like a lot, so I wonder how big the problem was or were this people just scapegoats?
Luke 5
Having demonstrated his own truth in being, Jesus now turns to teaching the people. Speaking from a boat, he proclaims his new teaching and then encourages the men of the boat to go out and cast for fish. Since it was common to fish in the night, these men have been out all night without much success and now Jesus is telling them to go back out. Reluctantly they agree and find a treasure. When we heed Jesus' word, no matter how difficult we find it, we find truth and abundance.
As Jesus' fame spreads, many come to find him to be healed and many are sinners, who have no where else to turn. Of note, see that in verse 17 Pharisees and teachers are listening to Jesus, it is not always acrimonious. However, Jesus power and his teaching soon get him into trouble as he announces sins are forgiven. As Jesus calls and spends time with more and more sinners, his behavior is too much for the religious elite who believe that there is no way a man of God would associate with the unclean.
Thursday, August 29, 2013
Proverbs 23-24 & Psalm 92-93 plus Ezra 7-8 & Luke 4
Proverbs 23-24
It would seem that this section in Proverbs 23 is aimed at royal children, that they should be taught moral behavior. They should not emulate the rich and greedy but seek instruction and knowledge. While there are general instructions of proper etiquette at the table, there are also deeper meanings within the instructions.
There are exhortations to parents and children, for parents to discipline their children to show them the proper way of living and children to honor parents who are seeking to instruct them.
Finally, the child is instructed to observe a moral life, to refrain from drunkenness and to be wary of prostitutes and adulterers.
Proverbs 24 begins with another admonition to refrain from consorting with the wicked. One does not rule or build a kingdom through mischief but through knowledge. A mighty warrior is a wise warrior, (boy could we use some wise warriors today). Courage is also a sign of wisdom, of daring to do the difficult but the right. (Again, another trait we could use today.)
Wisdom is like honey, it is sweet and good. Such wisdom keeps one from violence and deceit. One achieves righteousness not by lying in wait but by fearing the Lord and doing what God desires. To rule is to judge accordingly by the standard set by God, not by partiality, to be honest and true.
Psalm 92-93
The psalmist rejoices and leads the community in a psalm of thanksgiving created for the Sabbath service. Psalm 92 witnesses to God's work in Creation on earth and the cosmos. This great work is shown to the faithful but kept secret from the wicked. To be washed in oil was to be anointed so the psalmist understands himself, herself or themselves to be chosen by God for a purpose. The chosen flourish because of God's provenance.
The Lord is King is the basic proclamation of Israel, it is the heart of the religion and faith, for God has created all and rules over all. Psalm 93 is a succinct statement of this reality, even the waters of chaos, demonstrated by the flood, lift its voice to God. God rules over all!
Backlogged Posts
Ezra 7-8
If the text is correct, Ezra appears in Jerusalem about fifty years after the end of the Exile in Ezra 7. To believe the authors, while the temple has been rebuilt and Jerusalem has been re-inhabited, there are still problems in Judah, which is why Ezra and then Nehemiah are sent to the city. Ezra is a scribe, one trained in scripture, and leaves Babylon to go to Jerusalem. He is not alone as other Jews make the journey with him.
Ezra carries with him an edict from Artaxerxes that authorizes Ezra to lead the people of Israel in worship of God. He is given power to collect tributes to support the temple and promote the welfare of the people. While Ezra is not a governor, he is given rather wide latitude to act on behalf the people and is empowered to do what is needed to worship God in the fashion that Israel is accustomed to.
Ezra 8 seems to be a first hand account of those who took the journey with Ezra and their preparations for the journey. The list includes Levites who help perform the appropriate liturgical actions on the journey. The items on the journey include a fitting tribute to be offered at the temple upon arrival in Jerusalem.
Luke 4
In the narrative of Luke, Jesus follows in the example of Israel; first he is baptized, much as Israel was as they journeyed into the Red Sea, then they are tempted in the Wilderness and then finally they are commissioned and sent into the Promised Land. In Jesus' temptations, it is important to realize that all of Jesus' responses come from Deuteronomy, which is the heart of the Law according to scripture. Jesus remains faithful to the Law of God, while Israel has not. From the very outset, Jesus is living into the example and personifying Israel as it was supposed to be.
Jesus is then commissioned to go into the land to do ministry, for he is filled with the power of the Holy Spirit. This will be a difficult ministry seen in the rejection of his own people in Nazareth, who exemplify the rejection of God by Israel, God's own people turn away. Furthermore, this is demonstrated in the reality that the demons in the next story recognize who Jesus is, but the people of Nazareth do not. This is a theme that will continue in Luke.
It would seem that this section in Proverbs 23 is aimed at royal children, that they should be taught moral behavior. They should not emulate the rich and greedy but seek instruction and knowledge. While there are general instructions of proper etiquette at the table, there are also deeper meanings within the instructions.
There are exhortations to parents and children, for parents to discipline their children to show them the proper way of living and children to honor parents who are seeking to instruct them.
Finally, the child is instructed to observe a moral life, to refrain from drunkenness and to be wary of prostitutes and adulterers.
Proverbs 24 begins with another admonition to refrain from consorting with the wicked. One does not rule or build a kingdom through mischief but through knowledge. A mighty warrior is a wise warrior, (boy could we use some wise warriors today). Courage is also a sign of wisdom, of daring to do the difficult but the right. (Again, another trait we could use today.)
Wisdom is like honey, it is sweet and good. Such wisdom keeps one from violence and deceit. One achieves righteousness not by lying in wait but by fearing the Lord and doing what God desires. To rule is to judge accordingly by the standard set by God, not by partiality, to be honest and true.
Psalm 92-93
The psalmist rejoices and leads the community in a psalm of thanksgiving created for the Sabbath service. Psalm 92 witnesses to God's work in Creation on earth and the cosmos. This great work is shown to the faithful but kept secret from the wicked. To be washed in oil was to be anointed so the psalmist understands himself, herself or themselves to be chosen by God for a purpose. The chosen flourish because of God's provenance.
The Lord is King is the basic proclamation of Israel, it is the heart of the religion and faith, for God has created all and rules over all. Psalm 93 is a succinct statement of this reality, even the waters of chaos, demonstrated by the flood, lift its voice to God. God rules over all!
Backlogged Posts
Ezra 7-8
If the text is correct, Ezra appears in Jerusalem about fifty years after the end of the Exile in Ezra 7. To believe the authors, while the temple has been rebuilt and Jerusalem has been re-inhabited, there are still problems in Judah, which is why Ezra and then Nehemiah are sent to the city. Ezra is a scribe, one trained in scripture, and leaves Babylon to go to Jerusalem. He is not alone as other Jews make the journey with him.
Ezra carries with him an edict from Artaxerxes that authorizes Ezra to lead the people of Israel in worship of God. He is given power to collect tributes to support the temple and promote the welfare of the people. While Ezra is not a governor, he is given rather wide latitude to act on behalf the people and is empowered to do what is needed to worship God in the fashion that Israel is accustomed to.
Ezra 8 seems to be a first hand account of those who took the journey with Ezra and their preparations for the journey. The list includes Levites who help perform the appropriate liturgical actions on the journey. The items on the journey include a fitting tribute to be offered at the temple upon arrival in Jerusalem.
Luke 4
In the narrative of Luke, Jesus follows in the example of Israel; first he is baptized, much as Israel was as they journeyed into the Red Sea, then they are tempted in the Wilderness and then finally they are commissioned and sent into the Promised Land. In Jesus' temptations, it is important to realize that all of Jesus' responses come from Deuteronomy, which is the heart of the Law according to scripture. Jesus remains faithful to the Law of God, while Israel has not. From the very outset, Jesus is living into the example and personifying Israel as it was supposed to be.
Jesus is then commissioned to go into the land to do ministry, for he is filled with the power of the Holy Spirit. This will be a difficult ministry seen in the rejection of his own people in Nazareth, who exemplify the rejection of God by Israel, God's own people turn away. Furthermore, this is demonstrated in the reality that the demons in the next story recognize who Jesus is, but the people of Nazareth do not. This is a theme that will continue in Luke.
Tuesday, August 27, 2013
Proverbs 21-22 & 1 Thessalonians 3 plus Ezra 5-6 & Psalm 77
Proverbs 21-22
The wisdom that comes from one who bends their will to God is lifted up in Proverbs 21. This wisdom is seen in ones righteousness and not in ones "sacrifices." Pride is again lifted up as something to be leery of, and a couple references are made that speak to it being better to live in a humble abode, as to live with a wife who is "contentious." In other words, to seek glory and wealth through greed and avarice is the sign of a fool, it is better to live humbly than to pursuit such a lifestyle.
The first sixteen verses of Proverbs 22 end this section of Proverbs. Within these verses, the authors speak of riches and gain but pose them in relation to wisdom. It is far greater to have a good name as opposed to riches. It is far greater to do works of righteousness than to pursue the way of this world.
In verse 17, a new book begins with new teachings of the author. Within this section, the students are told to lead moral lives and examples are given to the behavior that is either desired or to be abstained from, with the rationale of why it is important.
1 Thessalonians 3
At the close of the second chapter, Paul speaks of his desire to visit the Thessalonians but unable to because of the work of Satan. Fearing that the community might be suffering persecution, he sends forth Timothy and is delighted to receive the report that the community is doing well and is thriving. In fact, Paul finds encouragement in their success as he experiences his own challenges. Paul prays that this success continue and be nurtured by God.
Backlogged Posts
Ezra 5-6
The political machinations do not deter the leaders of Jerusalem and they continue the rebuilding effort. When they are challenged by local governors, it seems that they respond they are only doing what King Cyrus has instructed the people to do. The governors write to King Darius to find out if this is true in Ezra 5.
My guess is that the governors were not pleased with the responds of King Darius, who has found the edict from King Cyrus in Ezra 6. Not only are the Jews allowed to rebuild but the governors need to fund it, and if any attempt to delay or sabotage the building, their own homes will be destroyed. While God is not named as the prime actor in this story, it is clear that God is maneuvering behind the scenes.
The support of the local governors, the work is completed, the Temple is dedicated and the Passover is celebrated.
Psalm 77
The psalmist comes forward with a prayer which seems at first an individual concern but as we read looks to be more corporate in nature. Clearly, something has occurred in the community where the community feels forsaken and abandoned. However, instead of offering further petition, the psalmist recalls the actions of God in the past, seeking to live on the hope that God will again redeem the community.
The wisdom that comes from one who bends their will to God is lifted up in Proverbs 21. This wisdom is seen in ones righteousness and not in ones "sacrifices." Pride is again lifted up as something to be leery of, and a couple references are made that speak to it being better to live in a humble abode, as to live with a wife who is "contentious." In other words, to seek glory and wealth through greed and avarice is the sign of a fool, it is better to live humbly than to pursuit such a lifestyle.
The first sixteen verses of Proverbs 22 end this section of Proverbs. Within these verses, the authors speak of riches and gain but pose them in relation to wisdom. It is far greater to have a good name as opposed to riches. It is far greater to do works of righteousness than to pursue the way of this world.
In verse 17, a new book begins with new teachings of the author. Within this section, the students are told to lead moral lives and examples are given to the behavior that is either desired or to be abstained from, with the rationale of why it is important.
1 Thessalonians 3
At the close of the second chapter, Paul speaks of his desire to visit the Thessalonians but unable to because of the work of Satan. Fearing that the community might be suffering persecution, he sends forth Timothy and is delighted to receive the report that the community is doing well and is thriving. In fact, Paul finds encouragement in their success as he experiences his own challenges. Paul prays that this success continue and be nurtured by God.
Backlogged Posts
Ezra 5-6
The political machinations do not deter the leaders of Jerusalem and they continue the rebuilding effort. When they are challenged by local governors, it seems that they respond they are only doing what King Cyrus has instructed the people to do. The governors write to King Darius to find out if this is true in Ezra 5.
My guess is that the governors were not pleased with the responds of King Darius, who has found the edict from King Cyrus in Ezra 6. Not only are the Jews allowed to rebuild but the governors need to fund it, and if any attempt to delay or sabotage the building, their own homes will be destroyed. While God is not named as the prime actor in this story, it is clear that God is maneuvering behind the scenes.
The support of the local governors, the work is completed, the Temple is dedicated and the Passover is celebrated.
Psalm 77
The psalmist comes forward with a prayer which seems at first an individual concern but as we read looks to be more corporate in nature. Clearly, something has occurred in the community where the community feels forsaken and abandoned. However, instead of offering further petition, the psalmist recalls the actions of God in the past, seeking to live on the hope that God will again redeem the community.
Proverbs 19-20 & 1 Thessalonians 2 plus Ezra 3-4 & Luke 3
Proverbs 19-20
In Proverbs 19, the authors jump around, covering many themes. Of importance is the realization that anger is the fools tool, anger and uncontrolled passion can be very destructive and a wise person keeps both in check. Concern is also raised regarding behavior leading to corruption and households that are not harmonious. In both, the fool can lead to disharmony and destructive behavior. A positive is raised about generosity, the care for the other is the sign of wisdom.
The authors continue in their concern about a harmonious society, and in Proverbs 20 they focus on the royal household. The ruler must abide by wisdom as well, for a ruler who follows anger and emotion will lead to strife and discord. Deceit and stealing are lifted up as empty pursuits that might offer immediate benefits but will lead to misery.
1 Thessalonians 2
Paul references his arrival in Thessalonica, after being forced to flee from Philippi. Paul and his companions could have been chasten by their experience in Philippi but instead they are emboldened. I wonder if it is because of the warm reception that they might have received as being a part of this feeling of being emboldened. He also points out that the ministry of Paul and the others was not one of deceit but of being out of a commitment to God.
Furthermore, the relationship that developed between Paul and his companions with the Thessalonians was very intimate, as he speaks in imagery of being a parent to them. Paul speaks of his desire to encourage them, as opposed to making demands. He is seeking that they follow his example, and it seems from the introduction that they have.
Backlogged Posts
Ezra 3-4
The people have returned to Jerusalem, and have settled. Now public worship resumes under the leadership of Zerubbabel, a descendant of David, and the priest, Jeshua, a descendant of the last high priest in Jerusalem, Jehozadak.
The community returns to the ruins of the old temple in Ezra 3 and find the place of the altar to erect a new altar according to the instructions of Moses. They offered up sacrifices and then followed the tradition of the Festival of Tabernacles. They also instituted regular sabbath services and started taking collections.
Part of these collections went to rebuild the temple, and the foundation is laid for this new temple with the appropriate religious ritual.
Rebuilding would not be easy, however, as the peoples of the land around Jerusalem were not supportive. It is possible that between the relocation of peoples under the Assyrian rule in the region and the settlement of non-Jews in the region during the exile, that many did not want to see the religion of Israel to return, for then they might loss influence in the region.
In Ezra 4 they attempt to join the efforts to rebuild, but that would have been a violation of Jewish law. So instead they move towards intimidation and political maneuvering. A letter is sent, full of false accusations mostly, that accuse the Jews of sedition. After sending a letter to the Persian king, work is halted until the king can make a final decision.
Luke 3
The story now shifts back to John the Baptist who receives the Word of God, in other words the Holy Spirit inspires John. He proclaims the word of Isaiah, which is a passage from the portion of the prophets book which refers to the restoration of Israel. Clearly John is speaking of the dawning of a new day, in which God will come and restore the fortunes of Israel.
However, this new age is marked by a new behavior, a new attitude. It is not enough to think of oneself as a son or daughter of Abraham; one must actually bear the fruit of one who lives with God. Hereditary issues are not as import and moral and ethical living. Righteousness is not a genetic disposition but a mode of behavior, those who live with God are righteous.
With much lead up, Jesus is baptized , but it is not clear who baptizes Jesus nor who heard God's voice. Luke, for all his desire to be historical, leaves this out for whatever reason. Luke, does however, trace Jesus not just back to David but to Abraham and Adam.
In Proverbs 19, the authors jump around, covering many themes. Of importance is the realization that anger is the fools tool, anger and uncontrolled passion can be very destructive and a wise person keeps both in check. Concern is also raised regarding behavior leading to corruption and households that are not harmonious. In both, the fool can lead to disharmony and destructive behavior. A positive is raised about generosity, the care for the other is the sign of wisdom.
The authors continue in their concern about a harmonious society, and in Proverbs 20 they focus on the royal household. The ruler must abide by wisdom as well, for a ruler who follows anger and emotion will lead to strife and discord. Deceit and stealing are lifted up as empty pursuits that might offer immediate benefits but will lead to misery.
1 Thessalonians 2
Paul references his arrival in Thessalonica, after being forced to flee from Philippi. Paul and his companions could have been chasten by their experience in Philippi but instead they are emboldened. I wonder if it is because of the warm reception that they might have received as being a part of this feeling of being emboldened. He also points out that the ministry of Paul and the others was not one of deceit but of being out of a commitment to God.
Furthermore, the relationship that developed between Paul and his companions with the Thessalonians was very intimate, as he speaks in imagery of being a parent to them. Paul speaks of his desire to encourage them, as opposed to making demands. He is seeking that they follow his example, and it seems from the introduction that they have.
Backlogged Posts
Ezra 3-4
The people have returned to Jerusalem, and have settled. Now public worship resumes under the leadership of Zerubbabel, a descendant of David, and the priest, Jeshua, a descendant of the last high priest in Jerusalem, Jehozadak.
The community returns to the ruins of the old temple in Ezra 3 and find the place of the altar to erect a new altar according to the instructions of Moses. They offered up sacrifices and then followed the tradition of the Festival of Tabernacles. They also instituted regular sabbath services and started taking collections.
Part of these collections went to rebuild the temple, and the foundation is laid for this new temple with the appropriate religious ritual.
Rebuilding would not be easy, however, as the peoples of the land around Jerusalem were not supportive. It is possible that between the relocation of peoples under the Assyrian rule in the region and the settlement of non-Jews in the region during the exile, that many did not want to see the religion of Israel to return, for then they might loss influence in the region.
In Ezra 4 they attempt to join the efforts to rebuild, but that would have been a violation of Jewish law. So instead they move towards intimidation and political maneuvering. A letter is sent, full of false accusations mostly, that accuse the Jews of sedition. After sending a letter to the Persian king, work is halted until the king can make a final decision.
Luke 3
The story now shifts back to John the Baptist who receives the Word of God, in other words the Holy Spirit inspires John. He proclaims the word of Isaiah, which is a passage from the portion of the prophets book which refers to the restoration of Israel. Clearly John is speaking of the dawning of a new day, in which God will come and restore the fortunes of Israel.
However, this new age is marked by a new behavior, a new attitude. It is not enough to think of oneself as a son or daughter of Abraham; one must actually bear the fruit of one who lives with God. Hereditary issues are not as import and moral and ethical living. Righteousness is not a genetic disposition but a mode of behavior, those who live with God are righteous.
With much lead up, Jesus is baptized , but it is not clear who baptizes Jesus nor who heard God's voice. Luke, for all his desire to be historical, leaves this out for whatever reason. Luke, does however, trace Jesus not just back to David but to Abraham and Adam.
Friday, August 16, 2013
Proverbs 17-18 & Psalm 91 plus Ezra 1-2 & Luke 2
Proverbs 17-18
While still speaking about royalty, the scribes in Proverbs 17 address the issue of the household in more detail. While they could be speaking to the royal household, the instructions could apply to any household. The relationships in the household are vital to the development of wisdom and harmony is required.
The scribes also speak to issues of the court as well, which are considered part of the royal household. One issue of grave concern was bribery and graft. Again, wealth, in itself, is not a bad thing but when it destroys relationships it is evil.
The scribes continue to stress the themes of family, household harmony and justice in Proverbs 18. The royal must keep these in mind, for the kingdom is a household.
Psalm 91
For the church, Psalm 91 has a special place in its lore, for it is Psalm 91 that Satan uses to tempt Jesus in the wilderness. God is our refuge, a very present shelter in our world. The psalmist speaks of all that which can befall a person, but that God protects us from such affliction. Satan attempts to get Jesus to prove it, to get Jesus to test God. But the Psalm is about trust, about knowing that God is here and does shelter us, not necessarily by keeping us from being harmed but by being with us, always. Did I say always, because I meant always!
Backlogged Posts
Ezra 1-2
The Book of Ezra picks up where 2 Chronicles ends, with the pronouncement of Cyrus, emperor of Persia, sending the Jews back to Jerusalem to resume Temple worship. At one point in time, it was believed that the whole text from 1 Chronicles through Nehemiah was composed by one author, but recent scholarship demonstrates it is most likely not the case. However, it is likely that both were written with the same perspective in mind, for the thrust of all are pretty similar, they concern the rebuilding of the temple, walls and of the people of Jerusalem.
Both Ezra and Nehemiah have substantial content that seems from "memoir" materials of Ezra and Nehemiah, but most of the content is told in a narrative first person style. Scholars believe that the Book of Ezra covers two time periods, 539-515 BCE and 458-430 BCE, Nehemiah dates at about 445 BCE. Most likely the authors of these books in question, where priestly, possibly Levites.
Jeremiah had proclaimed how the exile would end and the people would return home, Ezra 1 fulfills this promise. King Cyrus, God's anointed, brings an end to the exile and commissions the exiles to return home, rebuild the temple and resume the temple worship. Cyrus even provides the community with the elements that had been taken from the temple when Nebuchadnezzar sacked the city and raised the temple. So the families of Judah made preparations and their neighbors assisted by gifting them with valuables.
The list of those who returned to Jerusalem is listed. Upon their arrival, the community immediately begins plans to rebuild the temple in Ezra 2.
Luke 2
I will refrain from too much discussion over the birth of Jesus, since most of us have heard the reading of this particular narrative every Christmas Eve or Christmas Day, there is not much else to really add. Well, except for one point. The birth and announcement of Jesus is set against the Roman Empire. The census is portrayed as an activity of Caesar Augustus who has initiated the Pax Romana. The emperor of Rome is also frequently titled the "savior". So the contrast has been set up, one king for another, one peace for another, one savior for another.
The other point to notice is that Jesus is thoroughly Jewish and fulfills Jewish expectations. He is circumcised, he is presented at the temple and he is witnessed to by two seers, one male one female ( a tradition of Luke) who proclaim the reality of Jesus as the one Israel has been waiting for. Jesus' understanding of who he is is demonstrated by his disappearance to the temple. He knows who he is and that his will is God's.
While still speaking about royalty, the scribes in Proverbs 17 address the issue of the household in more detail. While they could be speaking to the royal household, the instructions could apply to any household. The relationships in the household are vital to the development of wisdom and harmony is required.
The scribes also speak to issues of the court as well, which are considered part of the royal household. One issue of grave concern was bribery and graft. Again, wealth, in itself, is not a bad thing but when it destroys relationships it is evil.
The scribes continue to stress the themes of family, household harmony and justice in Proverbs 18. The royal must keep these in mind, for the kingdom is a household.
Psalm 91
For the church, Psalm 91 has a special place in its lore, for it is Psalm 91 that Satan uses to tempt Jesus in the wilderness. God is our refuge, a very present shelter in our world. The psalmist speaks of all that which can befall a person, but that God protects us from such affliction. Satan attempts to get Jesus to prove it, to get Jesus to test God. But the Psalm is about trust, about knowing that God is here and does shelter us, not necessarily by keeping us from being harmed but by being with us, always. Did I say always, because I meant always!
Backlogged Posts
Ezra 1-2
The Book of Ezra picks up where 2 Chronicles ends, with the pronouncement of Cyrus, emperor of Persia, sending the Jews back to Jerusalem to resume Temple worship. At one point in time, it was believed that the whole text from 1 Chronicles through Nehemiah was composed by one author, but recent scholarship demonstrates it is most likely not the case. However, it is likely that both were written with the same perspective in mind, for the thrust of all are pretty similar, they concern the rebuilding of the temple, walls and of the people of Jerusalem.
Both Ezra and Nehemiah have substantial content that seems from "memoir" materials of Ezra and Nehemiah, but most of the content is told in a narrative first person style. Scholars believe that the Book of Ezra covers two time periods, 539-515 BCE and 458-430 BCE, Nehemiah dates at about 445 BCE. Most likely the authors of these books in question, where priestly, possibly Levites.
Jeremiah had proclaimed how the exile would end and the people would return home, Ezra 1 fulfills this promise. King Cyrus, God's anointed, brings an end to the exile and commissions the exiles to return home, rebuild the temple and resume the temple worship. Cyrus even provides the community with the elements that had been taken from the temple when Nebuchadnezzar sacked the city and raised the temple. So the families of Judah made preparations and their neighbors assisted by gifting them with valuables.
The list of those who returned to Jerusalem is listed. Upon their arrival, the community immediately begins plans to rebuild the temple in Ezra 2.
Luke 2
I will refrain from too much discussion over the birth of Jesus, since most of us have heard the reading of this particular narrative every Christmas Eve or Christmas Day, there is not much else to really add. Well, except for one point. The birth and announcement of Jesus is set against the Roman Empire. The census is portrayed as an activity of Caesar Augustus who has initiated the Pax Romana. The emperor of Rome is also frequently titled the "savior". So the contrast has been set up, one king for another, one peace for another, one savior for another.
The other point to notice is that Jesus is thoroughly Jewish and fulfills Jewish expectations. He is circumcised, he is presented at the temple and he is witnessed to by two seers, one male one female ( a tradition of Luke) who proclaim the reality of Jesus as the one Israel has been waiting for. Jesus' understanding of who he is is demonstrated by his disappearance to the temple. He knows who he is and that his will is God's.
Proverbs 15-16 & 1 Thessalonians 1 plus 2 Chronicles 35-36 & Luke 1 39-80
Proverbs 15-16
While the author continues in the parallels in Proverbs 15, it is important to notice that the wise are those who value relationships. Whether it is working with others, being attentive to the family, seeking counsel from others or even being disciplined by another, the wise person is part of a community. Wisdom is a communal effort, not an individual pursuit. On the other hand, folly is so wrapped up in self, there is no time for others.
A shift occurs in the Book of Proverbs in Proverbs 16, a shift from individual instruction, to a discussion about royal theology. The emphasis in Proverbs 16 is on the those who are faithful to God, and in particular demonstrates the relationship between God and king. The king who fears the Lord, is the Lord's servant and as such is wise.
1 Thessalonians 1
Quick, what is the oldest book in the New Testament? What came first? Mark? Matthew? Romans? Wrong, wrong, wrong. First Thessalonians is the first big in the New Testament. ( Just for your knowledge, almost all the letters either written by Paul or written by a follower of Paul where written before any of the Gospels.) According to Acts, Paul and Silas formed a community in Thessalonica but then were forced to leave the community when the Jewish community chased them out of town. This letter was sent around 51 CE, after Timothy reported back to Paul that things were fine with the community.
The letter itself might be a compilation of two or three letters, but they are all written by Paul himself. The occasion of the letter is a pastoral one, there are no real conflicts that Paul is seeking to address, just to encourage the community and give thanks for them.
From the opening, the relationship between Paul and the community is special, he uses the word church, or assembly and offers the peace and grace of God. It might seem simple but it is significant that Paul is addressing the entire community and he recognizes them to be in God.
The nature of this relationship is further demonstrated as Paul speaks of how he and Silas and Timothy are constantly praying and giving thanks to the church in Thessalonica. The truth of the community was seen in the reception of Paul's preaching and the presence of the Spirit in the community. Through this activity of the Spirit, Paul knows they have been chosen by God.
It is most likely that the community was Gentile and did not have a strong background in God of Israel, so they followed the imitation of Paul and the others in how to live and worship and Paul commends their commitment. And now other regions of Greece are using the Thessalonians as the imitation to follow.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 35-36
Following the renewal of the covenant between Israel and God, the Passover is celebrated. Much like with the story of Hezekiah and his Passover celebration, the telling by the chronicler follows the story found in Second Kings. 2 Chronicles 35 does offer one variation and that involves the role of the Levites. Through the Book of Chronicles the author has given a very flattering portrayal of the Levites and this is no exception. While the priest play their liturgical role, the Levites are important teachers in the Passover.
Things do not go to well for Josiah from this point forward. In taking the field against Egypt, Josiah failed to see God's hand at work in the world for the greater conflict between Egypt and Babylon was part of the God's judgment. The story of Josiah now resembles Ahab, as he dies while in disguise on the battlefield. His final breath takes place in Jerusalem to fulfill Huldah's prophecy, but once again a reform minded king has fallen by the wayside.
The closing of 2 Chronicles 36 brings an end to the Kingdom of Judah, as one king is taken to Egypt, another is taken to Babylon and a third reigns until the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar. But hope remains, for God stirs up a new people and turns to their leader to be his anointed. Cyrus and the Persians conquer the region and sends a herald, Ezra, to rebuild Jerusalem.
Luke 1: 39-80
The Visitation and Magnificat form the major portion of the reading. While some might see the Visitation as confirmation to Mary of what the angel had told her, it really is just an encounter of two family members, but it is the young life that in each show how majestic God's activity is. The story of the unborn John recognizing his Savior recalls the story about the Jacob and Esau in which Rebekah is told that the elder will serve the younger.
The Magnificat draws so much inspiration from Hannah's Song, again God can bring life from the unknown places. God can bless those that life would frequently just ignore. The Magnificat tells the radical story of a God who turns the world upside down. But this is not just a story about Mary but the timeless work of God.
Luke gives great prominence to the story of John, for while we know that John was the one sent to prepare the way, John also had quite a following that was powerful and many preferred John to Jesus. John's birth ushers in the new time, he is the new Elijah. Zechariah is given new life in his statement that the boy will be named John and then with this new life offers the Benedictus in which he recounts the work of God and points toward what God is doing now.
While the author continues in the parallels in Proverbs 15, it is important to notice that the wise are those who value relationships. Whether it is working with others, being attentive to the family, seeking counsel from others or even being disciplined by another, the wise person is part of a community. Wisdom is a communal effort, not an individual pursuit. On the other hand, folly is so wrapped up in self, there is no time for others.
A shift occurs in the Book of Proverbs in Proverbs 16, a shift from individual instruction, to a discussion about royal theology. The emphasis in Proverbs 16 is on the those who are faithful to God, and in particular demonstrates the relationship between God and king. The king who fears the Lord, is the Lord's servant and as such is wise.
1 Thessalonians 1
Quick, what is the oldest book in the New Testament? What came first? Mark? Matthew? Romans? Wrong, wrong, wrong. First Thessalonians is the first big in the New Testament. ( Just for your knowledge, almost all the letters either written by Paul or written by a follower of Paul where written before any of the Gospels.) According to Acts, Paul and Silas formed a community in Thessalonica but then were forced to leave the community when the Jewish community chased them out of town. This letter was sent around 51 CE, after Timothy reported back to Paul that things were fine with the community.
The letter itself might be a compilation of two or three letters, but they are all written by Paul himself. The occasion of the letter is a pastoral one, there are no real conflicts that Paul is seeking to address, just to encourage the community and give thanks for them.
From the opening, the relationship between Paul and the community is special, he uses the word church, or assembly and offers the peace and grace of God. It might seem simple but it is significant that Paul is addressing the entire community and he recognizes them to be in God.
The nature of this relationship is further demonstrated as Paul speaks of how he and Silas and Timothy are constantly praying and giving thanks to the church in Thessalonica. The truth of the community was seen in the reception of Paul's preaching and the presence of the Spirit in the community. Through this activity of the Spirit, Paul knows they have been chosen by God.
It is most likely that the community was Gentile and did not have a strong background in God of Israel, so they followed the imitation of Paul and the others in how to live and worship and Paul commends their commitment. And now other regions of Greece are using the Thessalonians as the imitation to follow.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 35-36
Following the renewal of the covenant between Israel and God, the Passover is celebrated. Much like with the story of Hezekiah and his Passover celebration, the telling by the chronicler follows the story found in Second Kings. 2 Chronicles 35 does offer one variation and that involves the role of the Levites. Through the Book of Chronicles the author has given a very flattering portrayal of the Levites and this is no exception. While the priest play their liturgical role, the Levites are important teachers in the Passover.
Things do not go to well for Josiah from this point forward. In taking the field against Egypt, Josiah failed to see God's hand at work in the world for the greater conflict between Egypt and Babylon was part of the God's judgment. The story of Josiah now resembles Ahab, as he dies while in disguise on the battlefield. His final breath takes place in Jerusalem to fulfill Huldah's prophecy, but once again a reform minded king has fallen by the wayside.
The closing of 2 Chronicles 36 brings an end to the Kingdom of Judah, as one king is taken to Egypt, another is taken to Babylon and a third reigns until the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar. But hope remains, for God stirs up a new people and turns to their leader to be his anointed. Cyrus and the Persians conquer the region and sends a herald, Ezra, to rebuild Jerusalem.
Luke 1: 39-80
The Visitation and Magnificat form the major portion of the reading. While some might see the Visitation as confirmation to Mary of what the angel had told her, it really is just an encounter of two family members, but it is the young life that in each show how majestic God's activity is. The story of the unborn John recognizing his Savior recalls the story about the Jacob and Esau in which Rebekah is told that the elder will serve the younger.
The Magnificat draws so much inspiration from Hannah's Song, again God can bring life from the unknown places. God can bless those that life would frequently just ignore. The Magnificat tells the radical story of a God who turns the world upside down. But this is not just a story about Mary but the timeless work of God.
Luke gives great prominence to the story of John, for while we know that John was the one sent to prepare the way, John also had quite a following that was powerful and many preferred John to Jesus. John's birth ushers in the new time, he is the new Elijah. Zechariah is given new life in his statement that the boy will be named John and then with this new life offers the Benedictus in which he recounts the work of God and points toward what God is doing now.
Thursday, August 15, 2013
Proverbs 13-14 & Colossians 4 plus 2 Chronicles 33-34 & Psalm 75-76
Proverbs 13-14
The wise sayings continue as the authors continue to flesh out the difference between the righteous and the wicked. An important trait of the righteous and the wise is knowing they do not know everything, therefore instruction and discipline are essential to become wise. The foolish or wicked scoff at such instruction and refuse to be disciplined, they live by their own rules and their own desires. Discipline has many connotations from words used to diets to caring for others. These actions demonstrate the wisdom of a person.
Proper language is also lifted up in Proverbs 13, it is language of instruction that provides learning and is not just "pretty" or vain. To just embellish language does not make it wise, but to instruct and speak about life in its totality, that is wise. Prosperity is also lifted up, but it is not financial prosperity but in how one uses wealth. Wealth that serves the self is folly but wealth that serves a community is wise.
Proverbs 14 continues to list the differences between wisdom and folly. All have merit, but most are similar to what we have already read so there is no real need for elucidation.
Colossians 4
Paul, or the author, closes a letter with final exhortations to continue in faith and to pray for the community. He then offers greetings and thanks from his varied co-ministers, many of whom are of a Jewish background. The listing reads as a who's who of Paul's colleagues and many have become legends of the early church. Perhaps John Mark was the author of the Gospel of Mark, perhaps Luke is the physician who wrote the Gospel.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 33-34
The story of Manasseh in 2 Chronicles 33 differs from the 2 Kings account. The first half rings true to Kings, as Manasseh does every possible evil that was possible, he worshiped false gods, put up idols in the Temple, performed acts of sorcery with his own family, of the kings of Judah, Manasseh was the worst. Yet in Chronicles he finds redemption. In a story that does not appear in Kings, Manasseh is taken into exile by the Assyrians to Babylon, which is bizarre since the capital of the Assyrian empire was Nineveh. While in exile, evidently Manasseh repents and God restores him.
It is not clear why Chronicles includes such a passage or why Kings would omit it. It does seem like the chronicler is again attempting to show God's steadfast support for the line of David, though I think Manasseh is pretty tough sell to think he would mend his ways. Since the next king Amon, does what was evil in the eyes of the Lord because he followed in the ways of his father, Manasseh, then we can probably assume Manasseh does not change.
While Manasseh and Amon seem to represent the period of exile from God, Josiah comes and reflects the restoration of Israel. There are some differences from the account in Second Kings and the account in 2 Chronicles 34. The reforms of Josiah in Second Kings occur after the discovery of the Book of Law, probably Deuteronomy, while the chronicler has Josiah reforming the temple when the Law is discovered.
Much like other reformers, Josiah's work includes an opportunity for the renewal of the covenant with all the people of Israel. Yet the words of the prophet Huldah, are not promising. While Josiah will not see the devastation God will bring to Jerusalem, the devastation will come.
Psalm 75-76
Psalm 75 is a psalm of thanksgiving for God's wondrous works. These works are primarily seen in the justice that God metes out into the universe. The psalm itself looks forward to the time when God will issue judgment and the wicked will be punished and the righteous lifted up.
Psalm 76 offers a glimpse of the Warrior God who resides in Zion. The psalm recalls God's actions in the world to defeat warrior and horse, no one can stand before God. When God comes in judgment, justice will roll.
The wise sayings continue as the authors continue to flesh out the difference between the righteous and the wicked. An important trait of the righteous and the wise is knowing they do not know everything, therefore instruction and discipline are essential to become wise. The foolish or wicked scoff at such instruction and refuse to be disciplined, they live by their own rules and their own desires. Discipline has many connotations from words used to diets to caring for others. These actions demonstrate the wisdom of a person.
Proper language is also lifted up in Proverbs 13, it is language of instruction that provides learning and is not just "pretty" or vain. To just embellish language does not make it wise, but to instruct and speak about life in its totality, that is wise. Prosperity is also lifted up, but it is not financial prosperity but in how one uses wealth. Wealth that serves the self is folly but wealth that serves a community is wise.
Proverbs 14 continues to list the differences between wisdom and folly. All have merit, but most are similar to what we have already read so there is no real need for elucidation.
Colossians 4
Paul, or the author, closes a letter with final exhortations to continue in faith and to pray for the community. He then offers greetings and thanks from his varied co-ministers, many of whom are of a Jewish background. The listing reads as a who's who of Paul's colleagues and many have become legends of the early church. Perhaps John Mark was the author of the Gospel of Mark, perhaps Luke is the physician who wrote the Gospel.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 33-34
The story of Manasseh in 2 Chronicles 33 differs from the 2 Kings account. The first half rings true to Kings, as Manasseh does every possible evil that was possible, he worshiped false gods, put up idols in the Temple, performed acts of sorcery with his own family, of the kings of Judah, Manasseh was the worst. Yet in Chronicles he finds redemption. In a story that does not appear in Kings, Manasseh is taken into exile by the Assyrians to Babylon, which is bizarre since the capital of the Assyrian empire was Nineveh. While in exile, evidently Manasseh repents and God restores him.
It is not clear why Chronicles includes such a passage or why Kings would omit it. It does seem like the chronicler is again attempting to show God's steadfast support for the line of David, though I think Manasseh is pretty tough sell to think he would mend his ways. Since the next king Amon, does what was evil in the eyes of the Lord because he followed in the ways of his father, Manasseh, then we can probably assume Manasseh does not change.
While Manasseh and Amon seem to represent the period of exile from God, Josiah comes and reflects the restoration of Israel. There are some differences from the account in Second Kings and the account in 2 Chronicles 34. The reforms of Josiah in Second Kings occur after the discovery of the Book of Law, probably Deuteronomy, while the chronicler has Josiah reforming the temple when the Law is discovered.
Much like other reformers, Josiah's work includes an opportunity for the renewal of the covenant with all the people of Israel. Yet the words of the prophet Huldah, are not promising. While Josiah will not see the devastation God will bring to Jerusalem, the devastation will come.
Psalm 75-76
Psalm 75 is a psalm of thanksgiving for God's wondrous works. These works are primarily seen in the justice that God metes out into the universe. The psalm itself looks forward to the time when God will issue judgment and the wicked will be punished and the righteous lifted up.
Psalm 76 offers a glimpse of the Warrior God who resides in Zion. The psalm recalls God's actions in the world to defeat warrior and horse, no one can stand before God. When God comes in judgment, justice will roll.
Tuesday, August 13, 2013
Proverbs 11-12 & Colossians 3 plus 2 Chronicles 31-32 & Luke 1: 1-38
Proverbs 11-12
The parallels continue in Proverbs 11 with an emphasis upon the pride of an individual as well as the impact the righteous can have on a city and community.
More parallels in Proverbs 12 emphasizing discipline, the abhorrence of lying and deceit and the need of a balance with Creation.
Colossians 3
The emphasis in this chapter is upon the new life that we have in Jesus Christ. The author demonstrates that in our baptisms we have died with Jesus and then raised with him to a new life. Therefore our new life is of "above", of the Spirit and not of this world. So we must turn away from the behavior of this world and continue in the life of Christ.
The author offers a brief household code calling for families to honor each other and children obeying parents. Also, the need for slaves to be faithful to their masters, for their reward will come from the Lord. This version is not as humane as in Ephesians, but slavery is a reality that cannot be ignored.
Backlogged Post
2 Chronicles 31-32
The Passover celebrate sparks a massive reform in 2 Chronicles 31 as the people themselves went throughout the region and tore down pagan altars and sacred poles. The chronicler, again, demonstrates this was an activity of all of Israel as he points out that people from Manasseh and Ephraim also participate. These are two regions that made up the heart of the old northern kingdom. .
A renewal in temple practices also occur, spurred on by Hezekiah's contribution. Now the tithing and first offerings begin appearing, in an abundance.. When Hezekiah follows up the priests to make sure they have enough, they point to the generosity of the people. In order to insure that these gifts are properly stored, Hezekiah appoints a couple of Levites to oversee the operations. A portion of these gifts are also shared with the surrounding region.
2 Chronicles 32 revisits the siege of King Sennacherib of Assyria that was first told in 2 Kings. Again the story speaks of Sennacherib sending messengers to Jerusalem and telling them that the God of Israel will not be anymore successful than gods of other lands that the Assyrians had conquered. Hezekiah and Isaiah enter into prayer and the Lord delivers Jerusalem. Sennacherib heads home in defeat and is killed in the temple of his god.
The rest of the chapter repeats Hezekiah's illness that God saves him from and speaks to Hezekiah's works in general.
Luke 1: 1-38
The Gospel of Luke was probably written between 85 and 95 CE, by an educated Greek. Traditionally the book has been ascribed to Luke, a doctor who was a companion of Paul on several missionary journeys. The author of the Gospel of Luke is also the author of the Book of Acts and frequently the two books are spoken of Luke-Acts. The primary audience seems to be a Gentile community that is familiar with the Jewish God. The Gospel was written to be an orderly account of the life and ministry of Jesus the Christ and is written to Theophilus, who could be an individual or a group, for the name translates as "God lover".
The story opens with dedication of the book to Theophilus and explains that the author seeks to put down this account so that others may know of the works of Jesus Christ. In setting the stage and the birth of John, the author draws a connection of Zechariah to Aaron, the first priest of Israel. John the Baptist will come from priestly stock and not some minor stock, but Aaron himself.
The story of Elizabeth and Zechariah strongly parallels other women of the Old Testament who could not conceive or where barren; Hannah, Sarah and Samson's mother. She receives a divine messenger, who promises great things. The child will be filled with Holy Spirit, the Spirit being the central mover in the Gospel of Luke. In this story Zechariah plays the scoffer, must as Sarah did.
Another divine visitor is sent, this time to the house of David, to Joseph and his betrothed, Mary. The stranger promises a son, named Jesus (Joshua) which means "God saves". And great things will come from this child. Bemused or not, Mary accepts.
The parallels continue in Proverbs 11 with an emphasis upon the pride of an individual as well as the impact the righteous can have on a city and community.
More parallels in Proverbs 12 emphasizing discipline, the abhorrence of lying and deceit and the need of a balance with Creation.
Colossians 3
The emphasis in this chapter is upon the new life that we have in Jesus Christ. The author demonstrates that in our baptisms we have died with Jesus and then raised with him to a new life. Therefore our new life is of "above", of the Spirit and not of this world. So we must turn away from the behavior of this world and continue in the life of Christ.
The author offers a brief household code calling for families to honor each other and children obeying parents. Also, the need for slaves to be faithful to their masters, for their reward will come from the Lord. This version is not as humane as in Ephesians, but slavery is a reality that cannot be ignored.
Backlogged Post
2 Chronicles 31-32
The Passover celebrate sparks a massive reform in 2 Chronicles 31 as the people themselves went throughout the region and tore down pagan altars and sacred poles. The chronicler, again, demonstrates this was an activity of all of Israel as he points out that people from Manasseh and Ephraim also participate. These are two regions that made up the heart of the old northern kingdom. .
A renewal in temple practices also occur, spurred on by Hezekiah's contribution. Now the tithing and first offerings begin appearing, in an abundance.. When Hezekiah follows up the priests to make sure they have enough, they point to the generosity of the people. In order to insure that these gifts are properly stored, Hezekiah appoints a couple of Levites to oversee the operations. A portion of these gifts are also shared with the surrounding region.
2 Chronicles 32 revisits the siege of King Sennacherib of Assyria that was first told in 2 Kings. Again the story speaks of Sennacherib sending messengers to Jerusalem and telling them that the God of Israel will not be anymore successful than gods of other lands that the Assyrians had conquered. Hezekiah and Isaiah enter into prayer and the Lord delivers Jerusalem. Sennacherib heads home in defeat and is killed in the temple of his god.
The rest of the chapter repeats Hezekiah's illness that God saves him from and speaks to Hezekiah's works in general.
Luke 1: 1-38
The Gospel of Luke was probably written between 85 and 95 CE, by an educated Greek. Traditionally the book has been ascribed to Luke, a doctor who was a companion of Paul on several missionary journeys. The author of the Gospel of Luke is also the author of the Book of Acts and frequently the two books are spoken of Luke-Acts. The primary audience seems to be a Gentile community that is familiar with the Jewish God. The Gospel was written to be an orderly account of the life and ministry of Jesus the Christ and is written to Theophilus, who could be an individual or a group, for the name translates as "God lover".
The story opens with dedication of the book to Theophilus and explains that the author seeks to put down this account so that others may know of the works of Jesus Christ. In setting the stage and the birth of John, the author draws a connection of Zechariah to Aaron, the first priest of Israel. John the Baptist will come from priestly stock and not some minor stock, but Aaron himself.
The story of Elizabeth and Zechariah strongly parallels other women of the Old Testament who could not conceive or where barren; Hannah, Sarah and Samson's mother. She receives a divine messenger, who promises great things. The child will be filled with Holy Spirit, the Spirit being the central mover in the Gospel of Luke. In this story Zechariah plays the scoffer, must as Sarah did.
Another divine visitor is sent, this time to the house of David, to Joseph and his betrothed, Mary. The stranger promises a son, named Jesus (Joshua) which means "God saves". And great things will come from this child. Bemused or not, Mary accepts.
Monday, August 12, 2013
Proverbs 9 - 10 & Psalm 90 plus 2 Chronicles 29-30 & Ephesians 6
Proverbs 9-10
As was common during the time, Wisdom throws a meal at which sages would gather and talk, but this meal is for all. Wisdom sets the table and provides and just asks that it be attended in Proverbs 9. Wisdom has built a house and set it up by the "seven pillars" which could refer to the mythical foundations of the earth.
As Wisdom sends out servants to issue her call to attend the banquet, she notes that there is no point in inviting scoffers or the wicked but that she seeks those who fear the Lord and will instruct them in wisdom.
Finally the chapter ends with a warning against Folly, a seductress who probably represents many of the fertility cults of the Persian period. The contrast between Wisdom and Folly is clear, and the struggle between the two was real in the world during this time in Jerusalem. Jerusalem has been resettled following the Exile but now Judea must find its way under the Persian Empire.
Proverbs 10 begins a section that is usually referred to as Sayings of Solomon, which means it was probably an independent "book" that was incorporated into Proverbs. The sayings are usually small, two lines that are offered in parallel with righteous behavior being contrasted with wickedness. Most of the sayings might seem appropriate and universal and are as valid today as yesterday.
Psalm 90
This psalm is very unique for it is ascribed to Moses, perhaps because it's theme seems to take in Moses' prayer in which he pleads to God to turn back from judgment against Israel. The psalmist proclaims the grandeur and power of God and compares it to the frailty of humanity. The human condition is laid out in full, it is fleeting and full of pitfalls. It speaks to the reality that without God's grace we would all fall short. Yet, it is with confidence that the psalmist approaches God and asks for God's favor.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 29-30
Finally we are introduced to a new David, a new Solomon in 2 Chronicles 29 for King Hezekiah now reigns. A period of renewal begins in Judah that corresponds with Hezekiah's rule. The prophet Isaiah proclaims a coming day when Emmanuel will be born, God with us, well in Hezekiah, that day has come. (I know that we, Christians, view Jesus as Emmanuel, but Hezekiah is the promised child in Isaiah's original prophecy.)
What takes place is a typical renewal cycle: Hezekiah calls forward the Levites and priests and leads a cleansing of the Temple and then the people re-consecrate the Temple and once again commit themselves to the covenant with God.
The chronicler portrays Hezekiah very favorably, much more so than Kings even though Kings as views Hezekiah as good for the most part.
The Temple stored and reconsecrated leads Hezekiah now to reach out to all of Israel in 2 Chronicles 30, including the regions conquered by the Assyrians to celebrate the Passover as one people. He sends messengers to all the reaches of the people of Israel and asks them to come to Jerusalem to celebrate. Some come, but many stay away. However, since many participate in Passover in a way that was not proscribed we can see how far away from God the people have fallen. The priests and Hezekiah witness to this and help to make things right, even Hezekiah offers a prayer to help cover this iniquity, but overall the work was well received.
Ephesians 6
The author opens the final chapter continuing the theme of honoring family relationships but this time focusing on children. While this might seem minor, and while we might assume that families were cherished, it was not necessarily always the case. By emphasizing the need to care and support families, the Christian community is making a unique claim to the value of wives and children that is more than just economic.
The status code comes next, a rather difficult passage to read for it heads with human slavery which has not been an easy thing for the church to deal with. The early church lived with the reality of slavery, it was a norm and a standard in society. The code makes note of this reality but also speaks of how Christians can improve this reality. Slave should be honorable in how they relate to their masters but so should masters care for their slaves in way keeping with Christ. While we might not like the reality of slavery, the church position on it was unique and as humane as possible in the day.
Finally the closes with an exhortation to arm oneself for the cosmic battle between good and evil, between God and powers and authorities of this world. To arm oneself is to clothe oneself in Christ's word and teachings, as well as to turn to the Spirit in prayer. Evil can be overcome but one must be vigilant at all times and be in Christ in order for it to happen.
As was common during the time, Wisdom throws a meal at which sages would gather and talk, but this meal is for all. Wisdom sets the table and provides and just asks that it be attended in Proverbs 9. Wisdom has built a house and set it up by the "seven pillars" which could refer to the mythical foundations of the earth.
As Wisdom sends out servants to issue her call to attend the banquet, she notes that there is no point in inviting scoffers or the wicked but that she seeks those who fear the Lord and will instruct them in wisdom.
Finally the chapter ends with a warning against Folly, a seductress who probably represents many of the fertility cults of the Persian period. The contrast between Wisdom and Folly is clear, and the struggle between the two was real in the world during this time in Jerusalem. Jerusalem has been resettled following the Exile but now Judea must find its way under the Persian Empire.
Proverbs 10 begins a section that is usually referred to as Sayings of Solomon, which means it was probably an independent "book" that was incorporated into Proverbs. The sayings are usually small, two lines that are offered in parallel with righteous behavior being contrasted with wickedness. Most of the sayings might seem appropriate and universal and are as valid today as yesterday.
Psalm 90
This psalm is very unique for it is ascribed to Moses, perhaps because it's theme seems to take in Moses' prayer in which he pleads to God to turn back from judgment against Israel. The psalmist proclaims the grandeur and power of God and compares it to the frailty of humanity. The human condition is laid out in full, it is fleeting and full of pitfalls. It speaks to the reality that without God's grace we would all fall short. Yet, it is with confidence that the psalmist approaches God and asks for God's favor.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 29-30
Finally we are introduced to a new David, a new Solomon in 2 Chronicles 29 for King Hezekiah now reigns. A period of renewal begins in Judah that corresponds with Hezekiah's rule. The prophet Isaiah proclaims a coming day when Emmanuel will be born, God with us, well in Hezekiah, that day has come. (I know that we, Christians, view Jesus as Emmanuel, but Hezekiah is the promised child in Isaiah's original prophecy.)
What takes place is a typical renewal cycle: Hezekiah calls forward the Levites and priests and leads a cleansing of the Temple and then the people re-consecrate the Temple and once again commit themselves to the covenant with God.
The chronicler portrays Hezekiah very favorably, much more so than Kings even though Kings as views Hezekiah as good for the most part.
The Temple stored and reconsecrated leads Hezekiah now to reach out to all of Israel in 2 Chronicles 30, including the regions conquered by the Assyrians to celebrate the Passover as one people. He sends messengers to all the reaches of the people of Israel and asks them to come to Jerusalem to celebrate. Some come, but many stay away. However, since many participate in Passover in a way that was not proscribed we can see how far away from God the people have fallen. The priests and Hezekiah witness to this and help to make things right, even Hezekiah offers a prayer to help cover this iniquity, but overall the work was well received.
Ephesians 6
The author opens the final chapter continuing the theme of honoring family relationships but this time focusing on children. While this might seem minor, and while we might assume that families were cherished, it was not necessarily always the case. By emphasizing the need to care and support families, the Christian community is making a unique claim to the value of wives and children that is more than just economic.
The status code comes next, a rather difficult passage to read for it heads with human slavery which has not been an easy thing for the church to deal with. The early church lived with the reality of slavery, it was a norm and a standard in society. The code makes note of this reality but also speaks of how Christians can improve this reality. Slave should be honorable in how they relate to their masters but so should masters care for their slaves in way keeping with Christ. While we might not like the reality of slavery, the church position on it was unique and as humane as possible in the day.
Finally the closes with an exhortation to arm oneself for the cosmic battle between good and evil, between God and powers and authorities of this world. To arm oneself is to clothe oneself in Christ's word and teachings, as well as to turn to the Spirit in prayer. Evil can be overcome but one must be vigilant at all times and be in Christ in order for it to happen.
Sunday, August 11, 2013
Proverbs 7-8 & Colossians 2 plus 2 Chronicles 26-28 & Psalm 74
Proverbs 7-8
The theme of adultery is again found in Proverbs 7, but the focus is on being wary of a seductive adulteress. Again, I think this has two meanings, yes the reality of adultery and of being seduced by loose women, but also do not be seduced by "sexy" thinking, other philosophies. ( I do think I need to point out that women are not being held up as being immoral in general. Much of Proverbs actually venerates women, including the last chapter of the book which is a glowing portrait of a wise woman.)
Now Wisdom, herself, speaks to the general populace in Proverbs 8 pointing out that her gift is open for all. She calls unto the people to find a new way, it is not hidden from them but offers to them. She speaks of noble things and her words are of righteousness. To listen to her is to find that which God loves; to listen to her one will find riches to which metals cannot compare.
Wisdom was before Creation and a part of Creation. Wisdom was brought forth by God from the very beginning, to know Wisdom is to know the purpose and meaning of Creation.
Colossians 2
The author rights of his afflictions and sufferings, perhaps to defend himself against attacks. However, he writes encouraging words that acknowledge that he might be unknown personally in Colossae, for he does not wish to decieve but only let the church know about the knowledge of Christ.
Paul now comes to the point of the letter, for some have sought to deceive the church through human concepts and traditions of the universe. The author emphasizes that all the knowledge of God and the universe is found in Christ and that no other "knowledge" is needed. The wonderful part is that this knowledge is made real in us when we are baptized in Jesus Christ, therefore we have everything we need to know.
So Paul tells them to turn away from those who criticize them for their behavior or their abstention from certain observances. He also warns them against false teachers who cannot teach them anything more.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 26-28
It would seem that Uzziah is a big upgrade to Amaziah, even though the chronicler holds Amaziah in ok regards. Uzziah is blessed for his loyalty to God as he is both victorious in battle and is very prosperous. His fame spreads across the area in 2 Chronicles 26. But as is the case, he got a little big for his britches and thought he could offer the sacrifice in the temple. When the priests tried to stop him, he turned toward them in anger but the Lord struck him down with leprosy, a disease he had until he died.
Not much is written about Jotham, the new king, in 2 Chronicles 27, other than he walked with the Lord and did what his father did (besides that whole going into the temple thing). He conquers other nations and eos well economically. After reigning sixteen years he died.
Well, now we have Ahaz in 2 Chronicles 28, who is not a good king. He does not walk with the Lord but instead follows in the traditions of the northern kingdom. So God raises up Israel and Aram to come against Judah and they soundly defeat them. Actually the defeat and punishment is even worship than God had planned so Go sends the prophet Oded to let Israel know to relent and send back the people they had taken to enslave. The Israelites relent and send back the people of Judah.
Ahaz looks for new allies (instead of looking to God) and now turns to the Assyrians, who promptly sack Jerusalem instead of helping. Ahaz still fails to listen and now turns to worshipping the gods of Damascus, thinking they will help him. Of course this does not work, and Ahaz dies, a very powerless king.
Psalm 74
Perhaps this is a psalm that dates back to the Exile or perhaps it refers to another sacking of Jerusalem. After reading about Ahaz, it is rather fitting to read a psalm in which the city of Jerusalem has been attacked and the temple has been defiled and desecrated. The people wonder how long will they be at the whim of destruction?
The people are dismayed at the lack of God's intervention to save them, for they are God's congregation and God is the Almighty who tamed chaos to bring about Creation. They want God to act to put their enemies in their place, those who scoff at the Lord. Yet throughout the psalm there is not one mention of sin or the wrong that Judah has done. They seem to charge God with forgetting the covenant, yet they have failed to uphold their end but do not reference this action.
The theme of adultery is again found in Proverbs 7, but the focus is on being wary of a seductive adulteress. Again, I think this has two meanings, yes the reality of adultery and of being seduced by loose women, but also do not be seduced by "sexy" thinking, other philosophies. ( I do think I need to point out that women are not being held up as being immoral in general. Much of Proverbs actually venerates women, including the last chapter of the book which is a glowing portrait of a wise woman.)
Now Wisdom, herself, speaks to the general populace in Proverbs 8 pointing out that her gift is open for all. She calls unto the people to find a new way, it is not hidden from them but offers to them. She speaks of noble things and her words are of righteousness. To listen to her is to find that which God loves; to listen to her one will find riches to which metals cannot compare.
Wisdom was before Creation and a part of Creation. Wisdom was brought forth by God from the very beginning, to know Wisdom is to know the purpose and meaning of Creation.
Colossians 2
The author rights of his afflictions and sufferings, perhaps to defend himself against attacks. However, he writes encouraging words that acknowledge that he might be unknown personally in Colossae, for he does not wish to decieve but only let the church know about the knowledge of Christ.
Paul now comes to the point of the letter, for some have sought to deceive the church through human concepts and traditions of the universe. The author emphasizes that all the knowledge of God and the universe is found in Christ and that no other "knowledge" is needed. The wonderful part is that this knowledge is made real in us when we are baptized in Jesus Christ, therefore we have everything we need to know.
So Paul tells them to turn away from those who criticize them for their behavior or their abstention from certain observances. He also warns them against false teachers who cannot teach them anything more.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 26-28
It would seem that Uzziah is a big upgrade to Amaziah, even though the chronicler holds Amaziah in ok regards. Uzziah is blessed for his loyalty to God as he is both victorious in battle and is very prosperous. His fame spreads across the area in 2 Chronicles 26. But as is the case, he got a little big for his britches and thought he could offer the sacrifice in the temple. When the priests tried to stop him, he turned toward them in anger but the Lord struck him down with leprosy, a disease he had until he died.
Not much is written about Jotham, the new king, in 2 Chronicles 27, other than he walked with the Lord and did what his father did (besides that whole going into the temple thing). He conquers other nations and eos well economically. After reigning sixteen years he died.
Well, now we have Ahaz in 2 Chronicles 28, who is not a good king. He does not walk with the Lord but instead follows in the traditions of the northern kingdom. So God raises up Israel and Aram to come against Judah and they soundly defeat them. Actually the defeat and punishment is even worship than God had planned so Go sends the prophet Oded to let Israel know to relent and send back the people they had taken to enslave. The Israelites relent and send back the people of Judah.
Ahaz looks for new allies (instead of looking to God) and now turns to the Assyrians, who promptly sack Jerusalem instead of helping. Ahaz still fails to listen and now turns to worshipping the gods of Damascus, thinking they will help him. Of course this does not work, and Ahaz dies, a very powerless king.
Psalm 74
Perhaps this is a psalm that dates back to the Exile or perhaps it refers to another sacking of Jerusalem. After reading about Ahaz, it is rather fitting to read a psalm in which the city of Jerusalem has been attacked and the temple has been defiled and desecrated. The people wonder how long will they be at the whim of destruction?
The people are dismayed at the lack of God's intervention to save them, for they are God's congregation and God is the Almighty who tamed chaos to bring about Creation. They want God to act to put their enemies in their place, those who scoff at the Lord. Yet throughout the psalm there is not one mention of sin or the wrong that Judah has done. They seem to charge God with forgetting the covenant, yet they have failed to uphold their end but do not reference this action.
Proverbs 5-6 & Colossians 1 plus 2 Chronicles 24-25 & Ephesians 5
Proverbs 5-6
While it would seem that the "father" in Proverbs 5 is attempting to stir his "son" clear of women of certain backgrounds, he really is warning the son against pursuing other forms of wisdom. Yes, I am sure he is speaking of remaining faithful to a wife, or true love, and to stay away from immoral women, he is warning the son not to follow certain religions and goddesses that will lead him down an impure path. Temple prostitutes were common in this age, as well as many cults following fertility goddesses that celebrated orgies and other sexually deviant behavior.
The seductive cults and loose women were not the only temptation that the father is trying to warn the son about, for other forms of wisdom could also be seen impure women. If Woman Wisdom represents the beauty and truth of wisdom and knowledge, then other women would represent other philosophies. Any of these temptations can ensnare a young person and lead then down a path of wickedness.
A series of teachings comprise Proverbs 6, of being indebted to a neighbor, slothful living and wickedness. It would seem the father warns the son about "pledging" oneself to an neighbor, and while we might see this as a good thing on the surface, it more speaks to borrowing money and pledging to give it back, normally with interest. The warning is clear not to be under the rule of another, and one should find a way to get out of the situation as soon as possible. Likewise, the son is warned about laziness. The thrifty ant, constantly working to provide and prepare is the example.
The chapter closes with a listing of wicked behavior that the Lord abhors. This behavior is to be shunned, one should not even be in the same area as the behavior for fear of being sucked in and lead you into wickedness yourself. Of particular example is sexual desire, particularly lusting after another's wife. Not only is the adultery wicked but this behavior will lead another to murder, so it is really a bad thing.
Colossians 1
The Letter of the Colossians has traditionally been ascribed to Paul but most likely it was not written by Paul. There are enough theological differences between the author of Colossians and Paul that it is extremely unlikely that Paul wrote the letter. Chief among these differences is the authors opinion that we already share in the Resurrection, but Paul always held this to be something to come in the future.
The purpose of the letter seems to address a controversy that has arisen in the community. Some have come to the church in Colossae preaching the need to find a new knowledge in the universe to come closer to God. Evidently Jesus was not enough, more knowledge and wisdom is needed. While it is believed that this new way was not gnosticism per se, it was similar. The letter is written to refute a need of such knowledge.
In the opening of the letter in Colossians 1, the author, if not Paul, also makes reference to Timothy. Most likely this is because Timothy was also well known in Asia Minor where Colossae was located and it was possible that he might have had a relationship with the church personally.
Paul ( or the author, but if Paul is mentioned by me, it also refers to the author) writes of his thanksgiving for the community for their faith and their willingness to accept the ministry of Epaphras, who was one of Paul's contemporaries and founder of the community of faith in Colossae. Paul then goes on to mention that he has been praying for wisdom and knowledge for this community, wisdom and knowledge that would compare to the Old Testament understandings. Paul is not speaking of "special knowledge" but of the wisdom that God has gifted the world.
For the author, this wisdom and knowledge is found in Jesus Christ. It is Christ who knits all things together, and in the hymn found within vs 15-20 has become a foundational statement of the church. It is through Jesus that God has reconciled humanity with him.
Paul, while in prison, rejoices as he writes for he has been given the commission to proclaim this truth. This is the wisdom and knowledge that "was hidden" from the world but is now made known through Jesus Christ.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 24-25
Following the coronation of Joash, he then sets to repair the temple in 2 Chronicles 24. It would seem that Athaliah and her family had been raiding the temple of its treasures and neglecting it, allowing it to fall into disrepair. But it seems that her influence in Judah also caused the people to neglect their responsibility to pay their tithes and support the work of the temple.
So Joash instructs the priests and Levites to begin repairs but they are slow to respond so Joash takes the initiative, speaks to Jehoiada encourages the work to begin. The people joyously gave to the House of the Lord and the temple is rebuilt and with leftover money, Joash was to supply some other items to the temple as well.
Jehoiada, the mentor to Joash, passes away of old age and a new group of advisers come to power. It seems that Joash is pulled away from God and Judah as well as Israel falls back into worshipping false gods. God raises up Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada, to be a prophet to Israel, yet the king himself has him stoned and killed.
God's judgment comes in the form of the Arameans who come against Judah, sack Jerusalem and take away many prizes. Joash is wounded in the battle and then later killed by his servants because of his treatment of Zechariah.
Joash's son, Amaziah (yes all these names are beginning to run together), becomes king after Joash in 2 Chronicles 25. He does what is right in the Lord's eyes but it seems the faith is not very deep. He punishes the family of the servants who killed Joash, but the author leads us to beleive that it was not handled in a way pleasing to God.
But to make matters worse, Amaziah creates an alliance with the Ephraimites (northern kingdom) when he desires to move against Edom. He is told by a prophet to not just in the notherners, but that God alone is sufficient. While Amaziah does listen to the prophet and slaugthered the Edomites, he brings back idols and sets them up ot be worshipped in Jerusalem. Much to God's displeasure.
Amaziah is no feeling pretty good about himself, and now picks a fight with the northern kingdom, but the Lord is not with him and he is soundly defeated by King Joash of Israel. Because of his betrayal of God, servants again turn against a king and hunt him down to kill him.
Ephesians 5
The author really spares no details in what is expected of a follower of Christ. A Christian refrains from vulgar talk but instead focuses on thanksgiving and praise. Those who are impure or immoral must be held at a distance, they must not be associated with for Christians now live in the light not the dark. One must not be tempted by this darkness so it is best to just stay away.
It is clear that the author beleives that wisdom begins and ends with following Christ and Christ's teachings. One does not seek the intoxication of wine but the influence of the Spirit.
Lastly, this chapter contains the household code that for years has bothered the modern sensibility. However, let me point out that the behavior patterns of the husband are far more strict than that of the wife. Yes, the wife is to be subject to their husbands, but husbands were to be subject to Christ. Given the context of when this was written, for a husband to love a wife and care for her like Christ loves the church meant that the husband needed to be a servant to his wife. Of course, most used this passage for their own misogynistic agenda, but it is certainly not what is said in this chpater.
While it would seem that the "father" in Proverbs 5 is attempting to stir his "son" clear of women of certain backgrounds, he really is warning the son against pursuing other forms of wisdom. Yes, I am sure he is speaking of remaining faithful to a wife, or true love, and to stay away from immoral women, he is warning the son not to follow certain religions and goddesses that will lead him down an impure path. Temple prostitutes were common in this age, as well as many cults following fertility goddesses that celebrated orgies and other sexually deviant behavior.
The seductive cults and loose women were not the only temptation that the father is trying to warn the son about, for other forms of wisdom could also be seen impure women. If Woman Wisdom represents the beauty and truth of wisdom and knowledge, then other women would represent other philosophies. Any of these temptations can ensnare a young person and lead then down a path of wickedness.
A series of teachings comprise Proverbs 6, of being indebted to a neighbor, slothful living and wickedness. It would seem the father warns the son about "pledging" oneself to an neighbor, and while we might see this as a good thing on the surface, it more speaks to borrowing money and pledging to give it back, normally with interest. The warning is clear not to be under the rule of another, and one should find a way to get out of the situation as soon as possible. Likewise, the son is warned about laziness. The thrifty ant, constantly working to provide and prepare is the example.
The chapter closes with a listing of wicked behavior that the Lord abhors. This behavior is to be shunned, one should not even be in the same area as the behavior for fear of being sucked in and lead you into wickedness yourself. Of particular example is sexual desire, particularly lusting after another's wife. Not only is the adultery wicked but this behavior will lead another to murder, so it is really a bad thing.
Colossians 1
The Letter of the Colossians has traditionally been ascribed to Paul but most likely it was not written by Paul. There are enough theological differences between the author of Colossians and Paul that it is extremely unlikely that Paul wrote the letter. Chief among these differences is the authors opinion that we already share in the Resurrection, but Paul always held this to be something to come in the future.
The purpose of the letter seems to address a controversy that has arisen in the community. Some have come to the church in Colossae preaching the need to find a new knowledge in the universe to come closer to God. Evidently Jesus was not enough, more knowledge and wisdom is needed. While it is believed that this new way was not gnosticism per se, it was similar. The letter is written to refute a need of such knowledge.
In the opening of the letter in Colossians 1, the author, if not Paul, also makes reference to Timothy. Most likely this is because Timothy was also well known in Asia Minor where Colossae was located and it was possible that he might have had a relationship with the church personally.
Paul ( or the author, but if Paul is mentioned by me, it also refers to the author) writes of his thanksgiving for the community for their faith and their willingness to accept the ministry of Epaphras, who was one of Paul's contemporaries and founder of the community of faith in Colossae. Paul then goes on to mention that he has been praying for wisdom and knowledge for this community, wisdom and knowledge that would compare to the Old Testament understandings. Paul is not speaking of "special knowledge" but of the wisdom that God has gifted the world.
For the author, this wisdom and knowledge is found in Jesus Christ. It is Christ who knits all things together, and in the hymn found within vs 15-20 has become a foundational statement of the church. It is through Jesus that God has reconciled humanity with him.
Paul, while in prison, rejoices as he writes for he has been given the commission to proclaim this truth. This is the wisdom and knowledge that "was hidden" from the world but is now made known through Jesus Christ.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 24-25
Following the coronation of Joash, he then sets to repair the temple in 2 Chronicles 24. It would seem that Athaliah and her family had been raiding the temple of its treasures and neglecting it, allowing it to fall into disrepair. But it seems that her influence in Judah also caused the people to neglect their responsibility to pay their tithes and support the work of the temple.
So Joash instructs the priests and Levites to begin repairs but they are slow to respond so Joash takes the initiative, speaks to Jehoiada encourages the work to begin. The people joyously gave to the House of the Lord and the temple is rebuilt and with leftover money, Joash was to supply some other items to the temple as well.
Jehoiada, the mentor to Joash, passes away of old age and a new group of advisers come to power. It seems that Joash is pulled away from God and Judah as well as Israel falls back into worshipping false gods. God raises up Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada, to be a prophet to Israel, yet the king himself has him stoned and killed.
God's judgment comes in the form of the Arameans who come against Judah, sack Jerusalem and take away many prizes. Joash is wounded in the battle and then later killed by his servants because of his treatment of Zechariah.
Joash's son, Amaziah (yes all these names are beginning to run together), becomes king after Joash in 2 Chronicles 25. He does what is right in the Lord's eyes but it seems the faith is not very deep. He punishes the family of the servants who killed Joash, but the author leads us to beleive that it was not handled in a way pleasing to God.
But to make matters worse, Amaziah creates an alliance with the Ephraimites (northern kingdom) when he desires to move against Edom. He is told by a prophet to not just in the notherners, but that God alone is sufficient. While Amaziah does listen to the prophet and slaugthered the Edomites, he brings back idols and sets them up ot be worshipped in Jerusalem. Much to God's displeasure.
Amaziah is no feeling pretty good about himself, and now picks a fight with the northern kingdom, but the Lord is not with him and he is soundly defeated by King Joash of Israel. Because of his betrayal of God, servants again turn against a king and hunt him down to kill him.
Ephesians 5
The author really spares no details in what is expected of a follower of Christ. A Christian refrains from vulgar talk but instead focuses on thanksgiving and praise. Those who are impure or immoral must be held at a distance, they must not be associated with for Christians now live in the light not the dark. One must not be tempted by this darkness so it is best to just stay away.
It is clear that the author beleives that wisdom begins and ends with following Christ and Christ's teachings. One does not seek the intoxication of wine but the influence of the Spirit.
Lastly, this chapter contains the household code that for years has bothered the modern sensibility. However, let me point out that the behavior patterns of the husband are far more strict than that of the wife. Yes, the wife is to be subject to their husbands, but husbands were to be subject to Christ. Given the context of when this was written, for a husband to love a wife and care for her like Christ loves the church meant that the husband needed to be a servant to his wife. Of course, most used this passage for their own misogynistic agenda, but it is certainly not what is said in this chpater.
Friday, August 9, 2013
Proverbs 3-4 & Psalm 89 plus 2 Chronicles 21-23 & Ephesians 4
Proverbs 3-4
The teaching of the "father" continues in Proverbs 3 as the child is admonished to remain faithful and loyal to God. Hesed is the Hebrew word for loyalty and it marks the relationship between God and Israel. In the Book of Ruth it is hesed that spurs Ruth to remain loyal to Naomi. Proverbs is demonstrating the need for such loyalty and when one exhibits this loyalty to God, they are blessed.
One does not act for the approval of this world or fellow humans, one acts for the approval of the Lord. Yet even to fall short of the Lord is not necessarily a bad thing, for if God reproves the act of a human it is because God loves humans as a father loves a son. If God did not care, then it would not matter what humans do.
To honor God is the first step in finding Wisdom, and to find Wisdom brings a new level of life. It is a richness that cannot be compared to by any other treasure in the world. Through Wisdom we can find joy and happiness. This Wisdom is part of Creation, in fact, God has woven Wisdom throughout all of Creation, it is part of the fabric of the universe.
The father continues his lecture in vs. 21 and urges the child to learn about true security which is found in God and not in possessions of this world. To find this security enables us to rest at ease waking or sleeping. This security is also seen in how we treat others, for if goodness flows from us, then we demonstrate that what we have is a gift from God who will only bless us further for our goodness.
Proverbs 4 opens again with the instruction of the "father" to a child who now speaks of wisdom that passes down through generations. This is timeless wisdom that is the mark of "good" families. Just as the father listened to his father and found wisdom, so he instructs the children to find wisdom and hold on tight. Prize her, and cherish her and you will not be let down.
The need to cherish wisdom is then demonstrated by the temptation to walk the path of the wicked. Turn from the path of Wisdom and only trouble will find you. "Do not swerve to the right or the left, turn your foot away from evil."
Psalm 89
The subject matter of Psalm 89 deals with what seems to be the abandonment of a Davidic king by God, but that comes closer to the end of the psalm. It opens with a recitation of God's steadfast love and faithfulness seen in the covenant with David.
The scene shifts to a divine council where Creation is remembered and the works of God to control and overwhelm chaos. The mighty Lord then scatters enemies before him. The universe and Israel rejoice at this work of God.
The psalm then recounts the terms of the covenant with David with its familiar themes of steadfastness and faithfulness. This leads to the main complaint, it would seem that God has broken this covenant and the people are bewildered. This lament voices the concern of the people and seeks to know how long will this continue?
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 21-23
Jehoram becomes king and kills all his brothers, which the chronicles seems to blame on his wife, who was the daughter of Ahab. While God saw his wickedness, God did not act because of the covenant that was made with David. One sign of God's displeasure is seen in the revolt of Edom, which had been conquered by David, but revolted under Solomon. It might have been re-conquered but now revolts again.
Word of Jehoram's behavior reaches Elijah in 2 Chronicles 21, who has been primarily a prophet to the northern kingdom, Israel. Having heard of Jehoram's behavior, Elijah informs Jehoram of his sin against God. Jehoram has not walked in the ways of Asa or Jehoshaphat, instead he has walked in the ways of Ahab and Israel. Therefore a plague with come and ravage his house. In addition, God raises up the Philistines to raid Jerusalem and take away many of Jehoram's possessions, including his sons.
Finally the plagues comes, Jehoram succumbs in a rather painful way and no one really misses him. "He departed with no one's regret." Evidently, Jehoram was not well loved by the people of Judah either.
The taint of Ahab continues in Judah, but now with the lone son who was not taken by the Philistines, as Ahaziah now reigns after the death of Jehoram in 2 Chronicles 22. Like his father, he walked in the way of Ahab, again the taint is through Ahab's daughter and Ahaziah's mother, Athaliah. Ahaziah joins with his relative, King Jehoram of Israel in war against the Arameans but Jehoram is injured in the battle.
Meanwhile, God has already chosen for Jehu to be the source of judgment against the house of Ahab. When Ahaziah goes to visit the stricken Jehoram, Jehu slays the entire entourage and wipes out all the house of Ahab. Judah is now without a king and Athaliah is the regent. She seeks to consolidate her own power by putting to death any other claimants for the throne. However, she is thwarted by her granddaughter Jehoshabeath, who hides Joash who goes into hiding.
There is a slight difference in how Joash becomes king on 2 Chronicles 23 as opposed to the similar story told in Kings. In Kings, it is more a military coup, but the chronicler sees this more as a religious inspired revolution that involved all of Israel. The Levites and faithful take up arms and protect the boy king who is then given the covenant in the temple and becomes king.
When Athaliah hears of the commotion, she goes to the House of the Lord (not smart) and Jehoiada, the chief priest, has her arrest, taken out of the Temple and then killed. He then summons the people who destroy the temple to Baal that Athaliah helped support, and the priest to Baal, Mattan, is killed. A renewal under Joash and Jehoiada begins in Judah.
Ephesians 4
The gift of Jesus Christ is to be in community and in the unity of the body. All gifts have been given to proclaim the Gospel. The author urges the community to pursue this unity, to use its gifts to support and nurture one another. As one, the community will be able to withstand the deceit and trickery of the world and to know the truth.
The Gentiles have moved from an old life, in which they are left to the whims of this world. Now, through Christ, a whole new life has been opened to them, a life of the knowledge of God. They must embrace this new life and not turn back. The author closes the chapter with examples of this new life.
The teaching of the "father" continues in Proverbs 3 as the child is admonished to remain faithful and loyal to God. Hesed is the Hebrew word for loyalty and it marks the relationship between God and Israel. In the Book of Ruth it is hesed that spurs Ruth to remain loyal to Naomi. Proverbs is demonstrating the need for such loyalty and when one exhibits this loyalty to God, they are blessed.
One does not act for the approval of this world or fellow humans, one acts for the approval of the Lord. Yet even to fall short of the Lord is not necessarily a bad thing, for if God reproves the act of a human it is because God loves humans as a father loves a son. If God did not care, then it would not matter what humans do.
To honor God is the first step in finding Wisdom, and to find Wisdom brings a new level of life. It is a richness that cannot be compared to by any other treasure in the world. Through Wisdom we can find joy and happiness. This Wisdom is part of Creation, in fact, God has woven Wisdom throughout all of Creation, it is part of the fabric of the universe.
The father continues his lecture in vs. 21 and urges the child to learn about true security which is found in God and not in possessions of this world. To find this security enables us to rest at ease waking or sleeping. This security is also seen in how we treat others, for if goodness flows from us, then we demonstrate that what we have is a gift from God who will only bless us further for our goodness.
Proverbs 4 opens again with the instruction of the "father" to a child who now speaks of wisdom that passes down through generations. This is timeless wisdom that is the mark of "good" families. Just as the father listened to his father and found wisdom, so he instructs the children to find wisdom and hold on tight. Prize her, and cherish her and you will not be let down.
The need to cherish wisdom is then demonstrated by the temptation to walk the path of the wicked. Turn from the path of Wisdom and only trouble will find you. "Do not swerve to the right or the left, turn your foot away from evil."
Psalm 89
The subject matter of Psalm 89 deals with what seems to be the abandonment of a Davidic king by God, but that comes closer to the end of the psalm. It opens with a recitation of God's steadfast love and faithfulness seen in the covenant with David.
The scene shifts to a divine council where Creation is remembered and the works of God to control and overwhelm chaos. The mighty Lord then scatters enemies before him. The universe and Israel rejoice at this work of God.
The psalm then recounts the terms of the covenant with David with its familiar themes of steadfastness and faithfulness. This leads to the main complaint, it would seem that God has broken this covenant and the people are bewildered. This lament voices the concern of the people and seeks to know how long will this continue?
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 21-23
Jehoram becomes king and kills all his brothers, which the chronicles seems to blame on his wife, who was the daughter of Ahab. While God saw his wickedness, God did not act because of the covenant that was made with David. One sign of God's displeasure is seen in the revolt of Edom, which had been conquered by David, but revolted under Solomon. It might have been re-conquered but now revolts again.
Word of Jehoram's behavior reaches Elijah in 2 Chronicles 21, who has been primarily a prophet to the northern kingdom, Israel. Having heard of Jehoram's behavior, Elijah informs Jehoram of his sin against God. Jehoram has not walked in the ways of Asa or Jehoshaphat, instead he has walked in the ways of Ahab and Israel. Therefore a plague with come and ravage his house. In addition, God raises up the Philistines to raid Jerusalem and take away many of Jehoram's possessions, including his sons.
Finally the plagues comes, Jehoram succumbs in a rather painful way and no one really misses him. "He departed with no one's regret." Evidently, Jehoram was not well loved by the people of Judah either.
The taint of Ahab continues in Judah, but now with the lone son who was not taken by the Philistines, as Ahaziah now reigns after the death of Jehoram in 2 Chronicles 22. Like his father, he walked in the way of Ahab, again the taint is through Ahab's daughter and Ahaziah's mother, Athaliah. Ahaziah joins with his relative, King Jehoram of Israel in war against the Arameans but Jehoram is injured in the battle.
Meanwhile, God has already chosen for Jehu to be the source of judgment against the house of Ahab. When Ahaziah goes to visit the stricken Jehoram, Jehu slays the entire entourage and wipes out all the house of Ahab. Judah is now without a king and Athaliah is the regent. She seeks to consolidate her own power by putting to death any other claimants for the throne. However, she is thwarted by her granddaughter Jehoshabeath, who hides Joash who goes into hiding.
There is a slight difference in how Joash becomes king on 2 Chronicles 23 as opposed to the similar story told in Kings. In Kings, it is more a military coup, but the chronicler sees this more as a religious inspired revolution that involved all of Israel. The Levites and faithful take up arms and protect the boy king who is then given the covenant in the temple and becomes king.
When Athaliah hears of the commotion, she goes to the House of the Lord (not smart) and Jehoiada, the chief priest, has her arrest, taken out of the Temple and then killed. He then summons the people who destroy the temple to Baal that Athaliah helped support, and the priest to Baal, Mattan, is killed. A renewal under Joash and Jehoiada begins in Judah.
Ephesians 4
The gift of Jesus Christ is to be in community and in the unity of the body. All gifts have been given to proclaim the Gospel. The author urges the community to pursue this unity, to use its gifts to support and nurture one another. As one, the community will be able to withstand the deceit and trickery of the world and to know the truth.
The Gentiles have moved from an old life, in which they are left to the whims of this world. Now, through Christ, a whole new life has been opened to them, a life of the knowledge of God. They must embrace this new life and not turn back. The author closes the chapter with examples of this new life.
Proverbs 1-2 & Philippians 4 plus 2 Chronicles 18-20 & Ephesians 3
Proverbs 1-2
Proverbs belongs to a class of literature in the bible referred to as Wisdom Literature, it is usually grouped with Ecclesiastes and Song of Solomon in this class. Historically this literature was ascribed to Solomon whose legacy was wisdom, but it is most likely that these sayings were written and edited by officials and counselors of the courts and temple during the Divided Monarchy and then redacted during the post-exilic or Persian period.
From the title of it being part of Wisdom Literature, Proverbs speaks of wisdom and knowledge and contrasts them with folly. In many regards wisdom is a practical knowledge that leads one to a moral life but special wisdom is also seen in one's fear of God. Of interest is that wisdom is identified with the female side of the universe. (Which probably does not surprise women.) This is significant in that a highly patriarchal society, wisdom was female.
The scribes (I use this term not as a religious one, but one to just describe the writers of Proverbs) begin the book in Proverbs 1 by pointing to two groups they seek to address: the young and the simple. It is assumed that the young are those of upper classes who have time to reflect on such things as wisdom, so we are not talking about young in general but young wealthy or affluent youth who can be seen as the future leadership of Israel. The second group, the simple, are those who can hear the words of wisdom and learn from them. Obviously this would include the masses who would not be "considered" to study wisdom directly but can learn from listening to others. These two groups are called to discipline themselves to find wisdom.
Next the scribes urge the youth to stay away from those who might seek to disrupt society. Instead they are encouraged to stick to a more conservative approach to life. In particular they are to remove themselves from the audience of those who seek to used violence and like methods to achieve power and wealth.
We are next to Woman Wisdom, who speaks of seeking out the simple in the squares of the public, desiring the simple to find her. Yet society scoffs at her and seeks other things. Even though she gestures and seeks to make herself known, the people choose other ways, so when calamity strikes and they finally seek wisdom, she will not respond. Yet, they should know to fear God and to listen to wisdom. Those who do so will find themselves secure.
The speaker in Proverbs 2 seems to a teacher or instructor who seeks to demonstrate the need for Wisdom and how it comes first and foremost from God. The youth are encouraged to find a means to obtain such wisdom. The benefits of wisdom are then listed so the youth can see what they might achieve. Wisdom is shown to be not just knowledge, but a moral life.
Philippians 4
As Paul comes to his final exhortation, he again speaks of the need for the community to be one, and then singles out two women that seem to be in dispute, Euodia and Syntyche, although the nature of their dispute is not known. Paul has a relationship with them and seeks the entire community to help support them and bring a resolution to any differences. This is quite a statement of community.
Paul encourages the Philippians to not worry but to just be thankful to God; to remain to be honorable and zealous for the good that is in Christ. Finally to do the things they have have learned about Christ, things that Paul and others served as examples.
Finally, Paul thanks the entire community for the gifts they have bestowed upon him, not just the latest gift to come from Epaphroditus, but their sheer love and care for him. This relationship demonstrates the power of community for as Paul ministers to others and to the Philippians, the Philippians support and nurture him. This is the model of the church, that too often we fail to encourage.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 18-20
The story of Jehoshaphat and Ahab is very interesting for it is one of the few times that the chronicler writes a lengthly report about a northern king. The story in 2 Chronicles 18 largely comes from 1 Kings 22 with the story of Micaiah providing a negative opinion about a joined attack against the Arameans. However, in this version it would seem that Jehoshaphat has gone to Ahab as part of a marriage alliance between their children and Ahab entices him to join in an attack. Again we note the chronicler's attempts to maintain the righteousness of the Davidic line, any wrongdoing by a Judean king is because of Israel.
As we know in Kings, the battle does not go well, just as Micaiah had predicted. Ahab dies from wounds received in the battle. Jehoshaphat escapes back to the safety of Jerusalem. Upon his return Jehoshaphat is confronted by a prophet who criticizes his attempt to create an alliance with the wicked Ahab. Which seems to spur Jehoshaphat on to make reforms in 2 Chronicles 19.
At the heart of his reforms, Jehoshaphat attempts to create a just nation by appointing judges who will judge based upon God's will. He also creates a central court in Jerusalem made up of certain Levites and priests who will render decisions on cases with the fear of the Lord foremost in their minds.
As the reforms take hold, a large host comes against Judah. The host comprises the nations of Ammon, Edom and Moabites, three nations that the Lord did not let Israel fight against when they entered into the Promised Land. 2 Chronicles 20 speaks of Jehoshaphat's faith as he turns to the Lord for help. He recalls Solomon's dedication of the temple where Solomon asks God to respond to such national tragedies. He also reminds God that these nations had received the favor of the Lord in the past but now they march on the Zion.
God hears the prayer and responds. He tells Judah that they should take the field but they will not fight, this is the Lord's fight. In some way, God sows discord and confusion in the camp of the enemies, they basically kill each other and leave behind a huge booty to be plundered. Clearly God has shown favor to Judah, and Judah responds with singing and praising.
Unfortunately, the story of Jehoshaphat does not end on a good note, as he does create an alliance with the northern king Ahaziah. Their plan is thwarted by God and then the chronicles notes his death.
Ephesians 3
Paul again references his imprisonment, but we are still not sure which imprisonment he is speaking. However, it seems clear that the reason for his imprisonment is because of his ministry to the Gentiles. Perhaps segments of the community have conspired against him for his work of showing God's love or even the Jewish community has taken actions to show how Paul's message is disruptive to the Pax Romana. Either way, Paul sees this imprisonment as part of God's divine plan.
For Paul has been called to proclaim those things previously hidden about God to the Gentiles, so that they may know the power and glory of God. He does not see himself as some righteous person, just a messenger of a wonderful message. He encourages the Gentiles who recieve this letter to join him in his ministry to make this knowledge aware on the earth and in heaven.
Paul prays for the community that they might be strengthened in their own ministry. This strength is found in understanding of Christ, that Christ may dwell in their hearts and that they find the love that surpasses all understanding.
Proverbs belongs to a class of literature in the bible referred to as Wisdom Literature, it is usually grouped with Ecclesiastes and Song of Solomon in this class. Historically this literature was ascribed to Solomon whose legacy was wisdom, but it is most likely that these sayings were written and edited by officials and counselors of the courts and temple during the Divided Monarchy and then redacted during the post-exilic or Persian period.
From the title of it being part of Wisdom Literature, Proverbs speaks of wisdom and knowledge and contrasts them with folly. In many regards wisdom is a practical knowledge that leads one to a moral life but special wisdom is also seen in one's fear of God. Of interest is that wisdom is identified with the female side of the universe. (Which probably does not surprise women.) This is significant in that a highly patriarchal society, wisdom was female.
The scribes (I use this term not as a religious one, but one to just describe the writers of Proverbs) begin the book in Proverbs 1 by pointing to two groups they seek to address: the young and the simple. It is assumed that the young are those of upper classes who have time to reflect on such things as wisdom, so we are not talking about young in general but young wealthy or affluent youth who can be seen as the future leadership of Israel. The second group, the simple, are those who can hear the words of wisdom and learn from them. Obviously this would include the masses who would not be "considered" to study wisdom directly but can learn from listening to others. These two groups are called to discipline themselves to find wisdom.
Next the scribes urge the youth to stay away from those who might seek to disrupt society. Instead they are encouraged to stick to a more conservative approach to life. In particular they are to remove themselves from the audience of those who seek to used violence and like methods to achieve power and wealth.
We are next to Woman Wisdom, who speaks of seeking out the simple in the squares of the public, desiring the simple to find her. Yet society scoffs at her and seeks other things. Even though she gestures and seeks to make herself known, the people choose other ways, so when calamity strikes and they finally seek wisdom, she will not respond. Yet, they should know to fear God and to listen to wisdom. Those who do so will find themselves secure.
The speaker in Proverbs 2 seems to a teacher or instructor who seeks to demonstrate the need for Wisdom and how it comes first and foremost from God. The youth are encouraged to find a means to obtain such wisdom. The benefits of wisdom are then listed so the youth can see what they might achieve. Wisdom is shown to be not just knowledge, but a moral life.
Philippians 4
As Paul comes to his final exhortation, he again speaks of the need for the community to be one, and then singles out two women that seem to be in dispute, Euodia and Syntyche, although the nature of their dispute is not known. Paul has a relationship with them and seeks the entire community to help support them and bring a resolution to any differences. This is quite a statement of community.
Paul encourages the Philippians to not worry but to just be thankful to God; to remain to be honorable and zealous for the good that is in Christ. Finally to do the things they have have learned about Christ, things that Paul and others served as examples.
Finally, Paul thanks the entire community for the gifts they have bestowed upon him, not just the latest gift to come from Epaphroditus, but their sheer love and care for him. This relationship demonstrates the power of community for as Paul ministers to others and to the Philippians, the Philippians support and nurture him. This is the model of the church, that too often we fail to encourage.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 18-20
The story of Jehoshaphat and Ahab is very interesting for it is one of the few times that the chronicler writes a lengthly report about a northern king. The story in 2 Chronicles 18 largely comes from 1 Kings 22 with the story of Micaiah providing a negative opinion about a joined attack against the Arameans. However, in this version it would seem that Jehoshaphat has gone to Ahab as part of a marriage alliance between their children and Ahab entices him to join in an attack. Again we note the chronicler's attempts to maintain the righteousness of the Davidic line, any wrongdoing by a Judean king is because of Israel.
As we know in Kings, the battle does not go well, just as Micaiah had predicted. Ahab dies from wounds received in the battle. Jehoshaphat escapes back to the safety of Jerusalem. Upon his return Jehoshaphat is confronted by a prophet who criticizes his attempt to create an alliance with the wicked Ahab. Which seems to spur Jehoshaphat on to make reforms in 2 Chronicles 19.
At the heart of his reforms, Jehoshaphat attempts to create a just nation by appointing judges who will judge based upon God's will. He also creates a central court in Jerusalem made up of certain Levites and priests who will render decisions on cases with the fear of the Lord foremost in their minds.
As the reforms take hold, a large host comes against Judah. The host comprises the nations of Ammon, Edom and Moabites, three nations that the Lord did not let Israel fight against when they entered into the Promised Land. 2 Chronicles 20 speaks of Jehoshaphat's faith as he turns to the Lord for help. He recalls Solomon's dedication of the temple where Solomon asks God to respond to such national tragedies. He also reminds God that these nations had received the favor of the Lord in the past but now they march on the Zion.
God hears the prayer and responds. He tells Judah that they should take the field but they will not fight, this is the Lord's fight. In some way, God sows discord and confusion in the camp of the enemies, they basically kill each other and leave behind a huge booty to be plundered. Clearly God has shown favor to Judah, and Judah responds with singing and praising.
Unfortunately, the story of Jehoshaphat does not end on a good note, as he does create an alliance with the northern king Ahaziah. Their plan is thwarted by God and then the chronicles notes his death.
Ephesians 3
Paul again references his imprisonment, but we are still not sure which imprisonment he is speaking. However, it seems clear that the reason for his imprisonment is because of his ministry to the Gentiles. Perhaps segments of the community have conspired against him for his work of showing God's love or even the Jewish community has taken actions to show how Paul's message is disruptive to the Pax Romana. Either way, Paul sees this imprisonment as part of God's divine plan.
For Paul has been called to proclaim those things previously hidden about God to the Gentiles, so that they may know the power and glory of God. He does not see himself as some righteous person, just a messenger of a wonderful message. He encourages the Gentiles who recieve this letter to join him in his ministry to make this knowledge aware on the earth and in heaven.
Paul prays for the community that they might be strengthened in their own ministry. This strength is found in understanding of Christ, that Christ may dwell in their hearts and that they find the love that surpasses all understanding.
Thursday, August 8, 2013
Job 41-42 & Philippians 3 plus 2 Chronicles 16-17 & Psalm 73
Job 41-42
God demonstrates the divine mystery towards the end of Job 40 and then in Job 41 as God references the behemoth and the leviathan, two creatures of God's creation that terrify and captivate. Could Job have tamed them or kept them in check the way God has? The two creatures seem to represent the chaos of the world, a chaos that is present and disrupts life time and again, yet chaos that is not able to run rampant throughout Creation.
Now Job responds in Job 42 and he "knows" now. He knows that he has attempted at wisdom beyond his reach, but more importantly he knows because not only has he heard, but he has seen. God has made God available and accessible and even though wisdom escapes Job, he still "knows" God. Finally, this knowing leads to repentance of Job. He recognizes that while he might not have sinned previously, his challenge and despair over an "unjust" God has been a sin.
As it turns out, Job was right and his friends wrong. Job has affirmed that if God answered him and saw his circumstance, he would render him righteous and he has. Do not forget that this all began as a test of Job, would he curse God? In the end, he did not, God has been vindicated by Job and Job's faith. His friends, however, have only remained faithful to an idea about God, not God herself. May seem small, but it makes all the difference in the world.
So Job is restored, and through Job's prayers, his friends as well.
Philippians 3
Paul, ever the pastor, warns the church of Philippi to be wary of those who only seek to benefit themselves. There are those who try and convince them about the merits of circumcision, but they must not listen. Paul uses himself to show how those who turn to the flesh cannot achieve what is achieved in Christ. Paul, as one of the flesh, was truly a "son of Abraham" yet it was not until he found Christ that he found God. The Philippians need to turn away from the wolves of circumcision.
However, he is also very careful to demonstrate his journey is not complete. Just because he has found Christ does not mean he can rest on his laurels, not he must strive forward, for it will only be complete when he sees God face to face.
It is this example that Paul holds before the Philippians to encourage them to remain faithful. For God will provide for everything they need.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 16-17
Evidently the faithfulness of Asa was short lived. Israel (northern kingdom) and Aram have waged war against Judah. Asa sends a bribe to Aram to turn against Israel, which they do and Judah is able to claim land of Israel's and secure its borders.
However in 2 Chronicles 16, a seer Hanani, chastises Asa for forming an alliance with Aram instead of trusting in God. Did not God lead Judah to victory over the Ethiopians? Would not God have lead Judah to victory over Israel and Aram? Asa was angry at this challenge and puts Hanani in stocks.
God, however, has the last word as Asa develops a foot disease which spreads. Asa would not turn back to God, so God does not relent and Asa dies.
Asa's son, Jehoshaphat, succeeds him in 2 Chronicles 17 and follows in Asa's earlier ways. He remains faithful to God and does good works. Furthermore, he sends his own advisers into Judah to teach them the Law. The surrounding nations must also hear this word and they are in awe of God and leave Judah in peace. Jehoshaphat receives tributes from these nations and builds a mighty army, a sign of God's blessing.
Psalm 73
Psalm 73 is a very interesting Psalm for it speaks of one's faith in trust in God, yet admits to almost being lead astray, but finally gives thanks to God for delivering them from that fate.
After opening with a general statement of faith, the psalmist speaks of a time when he or she thought that the ways of the wicked were good ways. They saw how they prospered, how they had no troubles in the world. Their affluence was gained by violence and bloodshed and they rail against God.
The psalmist knows this to be wrong, yet seems to struggle with the reality of their success and the psalmist's struggles. He or she considers a life trying to keep their heart clean in vain. Their day's are plagued and morning brings no relief. That life of wickedness beckons.
Yet God intervenes, as the psalmist journeys to the sanctuary and finds truth. It is God's will that the wicked be punished. The psalmist sees his or her folly in their former doubts and knows that God's presence is with them even in turmoil and strife. God is near, and that is enough.
God demonstrates the divine mystery towards the end of Job 40 and then in Job 41 as God references the behemoth and the leviathan, two creatures of God's creation that terrify and captivate. Could Job have tamed them or kept them in check the way God has? The two creatures seem to represent the chaos of the world, a chaos that is present and disrupts life time and again, yet chaos that is not able to run rampant throughout Creation.
Now Job responds in Job 42 and he "knows" now. He knows that he has attempted at wisdom beyond his reach, but more importantly he knows because not only has he heard, but he has seen. God has made God available and accessible and even though wisdom escapes Job, he still "knows" God. Finally, this knowing leads to repentance of Job. He recognizes that while he might not have sinned previously, his challenge and despair over an "unjust" God has been a sin.
As it turns out, Job was right and his friends wrong. Job has affirmed that if God answered him and saw his circumstance, he would render him righteous and he has. Do not forget that this all began as a test of Job, would he curse God? In the end, he did not, God has been vindicated by Job and Job's faith. His friends, however, have only remained faithful to an idea about God, not God herself. May seem small, but it makes all the difference in the world.
So Job is restored, and through Job's prayers, his friends as well.
Philippians 3
Paul, ever the pastor, warns the church of Philippi to be wary of those who only seek to benefit themselves. There are those who try and convince them about the merits of circumcision, but they must not listen. Paul uses himself to show how those who turn to the flesh cannot achieve what is achieved in Christ. Paul, as one of the flesh, was truly a "son of Abraham" yet it was not until he found Christ that he found God. The Philippians need to turn away from the wolves of circumcision.
However, he is also very careful to demonstrate his journey is not complete. Just because he has found Christ does not mean he can rest on his laurels, not he must strive forward, for it will only be complete when he sees God face to face.
It is this example that Paul holds before the Philippians to encourage them to remain faithful. For God will provide for everything they need.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 16-17
Evidently the faithfulness of Asa was short lived. Israel (northern kingdom) and Aram have waged war against Judah. Asa sends a bribe to Aram to turn against Israel, which they do and Judah is able to claim land of Israel's and secure its borders.
However in 2 Chronicles 16, a seer Hanani, chastises Asa for forming an alliance with Aram instead of trusting in God. Did not God lead Judah to victory over the Ethiopians? Would not God have lead Judah to victory over Israel and Aram? Asa was angry at this challenge and puts Hanani in stocks.
God, however, has the last word as Asa develops a foot disease which spreads. Asa would not turn back to God, so God does not relent and Asa dies.
Asa's son, Jehoshaphat, succeeds him in 2 Chronicles 17 and follows in Asa's earlier ways. He remains faithful to God and does good works. Furthermore, he sends his own advisers into Judah to teach them the Law. The surrounding nations must also hear this word and they are in awe of God and leave Judah in peace. Jehoshaphat receives tributes from these nations and builds a mighty army, a sign of God's blessing.
Psalm 73
Psalm 73 is a very interesting Psalm for it speaks of one's faith in trust in God, yet admits to almost being lead astray, but finally gives thanks to God for delivering them from that fate.
After opening with a general statement of faith, the psalmist speaks of a time when he or she thought that the ways of the wicked were good ways. They saw how they prospered, how they had no troubles in the world. Their affluence was gained by violence and bloodshed and they rail against God.
The psalmist knows this to be wrong, yet seems to struggle with the reality of their success and the psalmist's struggles. He or she considers a life trying to keep their heart clean in vain. Their day's are plagued and morning brings no relief. That life of wickedness beckons.
Yet God intervenes, as the psalmist journeys to the sanctuary and finds truth. It is God's will that the wicked be punished. The psalmist sees his or her folly in their former doubts and knows that God's presence is with them even in turmoil and strife. God is near, and that is enough.
Job 39-40 & Philippians 2 plus 2 Chronicles 13-15 & Ephesians 2
Job 39-40
God continues in his description of creation in Job 39 as he speaks in more detail about animals and their behavior. Notice that most are wild animals, that have their own special quirks, yet God cares for all of them. God has set Creation in motion with all sorts of interesting and wonderful things and cares for each one. Does Job recognize this, or is he just concerned with himself? In some ways, God is charging Job with being self absorbed, not selfish per se, but just unable to see the larger picture.
As God opens Job 40, he challenges Job, do you think to instruct me? This is sometimes used as a challenge to prophets and others who have grown discouraged or disillusioned. For Job, it is a matter of God challenging Job who has attempted to place human constructs of justice on God. This cannot be done, God acts justly by God's standards.
Now Job can respond but a question of translation comes into play. Some translate the passage as "Behold..." and seems to suggest a very submissive Job. On the other hand, it can be translated at "If..." which allows Job to suggest a submissive tone but to hold onto his own questions. It is really hard to think of Job as being submissive so perhaps "if" is the better choice.
But this wishy-washy response of Job does not sit well with God. God returns to the original challenge, "Gird your loins", defend yourself. God questions Job whether he could balance all the opposing powers like God has done, and if so, then perhaps Job could do it. By extension, God is making a claim that there is a certain freedom in the world in which evil does exist. But God works to keep it at bay as much as possible, yet suffering still continues.
Philippians 2
Paul opens the second chapter with one of the great hymns of the New Testament, emphasizing the humility of Jesus to lower himself for those that he loved. Paul encourages the community at Philippi to follow this example, to be of one mind in their love and care for one another. He challenges them to put away the behavior that marks this world and to live in the newness that is offered in Jesus Christ. While Paul is presently enduring great tribulation of imprisonment, he is able to rejoice in them.
Paul is sending Timothy to Philippi, since he cannot go and he sends Epaphroditus back to them as he has been unwell and misses home. The Philippians should welcome home these two servants of Christ who have ministered with Paul and have remain true to their calling.
As God opens Job 40, he challenges Job, do you think to instruct me? This is sometimes used as a challenge to prophets and others who have grown discouraged or disillusioned. For Job, it is a matter of God challenging Job who has attempted to place human constructs of justice on God. This cannot be done, God acts justly by God's standards.
Now Job can respond but a question of translation comes into play. Some translate the passage as "Behold..." and seems to suggest a very submissive Job. On the other hand, it can be translated at "If..." which allows Job to suggest a submissive tone but to hold onto his own questions. It is really hard to think of Job as being submissive so perhaps "if" is the better choice.
But this wishy-washy response of Job does not sit well with God. God returns to the original challenge, "Gird your loins", defend yourself. God questions Job whether he could balance all the opposing powers like God has done, and if so, then perhaps Job could do it. By extension, God is making a claim that there is a certain freedom in the world in which evil does exist. But God works to keep it at bay as much as possible, yet suffering still continues.
Philippians 2
Paul opens the second chapter with one of the great hymns of the New Testament, emphasizing the humility of Jesus to lower himself for those that he loved. Paul encourages the community at Philippi to follow this example, to be of one mind in their love and care for one another. He challenges them to put away the behavior that marks this world and to live in the newness that is offered in Jesus Christ. While Paul is presently enduring great tribulation of imprisonment, he is able to rejoice in them.
Paul is sending Timothy to Philippi, since he cannot go and he sends Epaphroditus back to them as he has been unwell and misses home. The Philippians should welcome home these two servants of Christ who have ministered with Paul and have remain true to their calling.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 13-15
Now Rehoboam's son Abijah, Abijam in Kings, reigns and in 2 Chronicles 13 seeks to unite the people of Israel. Abijah lines up against Jeroboam, the king of Israel (north), who outnumbers Abijah two to one. Abijah then preaches to Jeroboam, telling him that it is God's will that the line of David reign, and the Jeroboam will be defeated because he has turned away from God. (This speech is strictly a construct of the chronicler.)
Even though Jeroboam's numbers and seems to have a better strategy, seen in his ability to surround Abijah, God leads Judah to a tremendous victory in which Judah recovers lost territory.
God's favor towards Abijah is seen in his many wives and children. Line of David still prospers.
Asa now reigns in Jerusalem and peace, rest, comes; peace is a sign of divine favor. OF course this does not agree with the account in Kings in which Asa and King Baasha of Israel had continual warfare. The chronicler demonstrates Asa's pious behavior and his commitment to the covenant and he destroys the high places and other pagan worship rituals in 2 Chronicles 14.
When the Ethiopians come against Judah with a mighty host, Asa gathers his army and prays to God. God then delivers Judah from certain defeat, which is attributed to Asa's piety. The prophet, Azariah, comes and offers words of exhortation to Asa to continue with his zealous love of God and rid Israel of all pagan traditions. Asa heeded the advice and even removed his own mother from court because of her worship of Asherah. Asa did well, even though he did not go far enough in his reforms, but is recorded as being faithful in 2 Chronicles 15.
Now Rehoboam's son Abijah, Abijam in Kings, reigns and in 2 Chronicles 13 seeks to unite the people of Israel. Abijah lines up against Jeroboam, the king of Israel (north), who outnumbers Abijah two to one. Abijah then preaches to Jeroboam, telling him that it is God's will that the line of David reign, and the Jeroboam will be defeated because he has turned away from God. (This speech is strictly a construct of the chronicler.)
Even though Jeroboam's numbers and seems to have a better strategy, seen in his ability to surround Abijah, God leads Judah to a tremendous victory in which Judah recovers lost territory.
God's favor towards Abijah is seen in his many wives and children. Line of David still prospers.
Asa now reigns in Jerusalem and peace, rest, comes; peace is a sign of divine favor. OF course this does not agree with the account in Kings in which Asa and King Baasha of Israel had continual warfare. The chronicler demonstrates Asa's pious behavior and his commitment to the covenant and he destroys the high places and other pagan worship rituals in 2 Chronicles 14.
When the Ethiopians come against Judah with a mighty host, Asa gathers his army and prays to God. God then delivers Judah from certain defeat, which is attributed to Asa's piety. The prophet, Azariah, comes and offers words of exhortation to Asa to continue with his zealous love of God and rid Israel of all pagan traditions. Asa heeded the advice and even removed his own mother from court because of her worship of Asherah. Asa did well, even though he did not go far enough in his reforms, but is recorded as being faithful in 2 Chronicles 15.
Ephesians 2
The author speaks of the two ways of living, which Paul usually referred to as life of the flesh and life of the spirit. For the letter's purposes, before Christ, the world, humanity and Gentiles in particular were left to the whims of the ruler of the spirit of the air, who is viewed as Satan. But there is a new way.
God has shown great mercy, even to those who lived under the influence of the flesh, to offer new life. This mercy is a free gift through grace. The action of Jesus Christ was to bring reconciliation, to God and one another. The author speaks of divides, divides between Jew and Gentile and divides between humanity and God. Jesus bridges both, he brings the far and near back to God, to life.
The author speaks of the two ways of living, which Paul usually referred to as life of the flesh and life of the spirit. For the letter's purposes, before Christ, the world, humanity and Gentiles in particular were left to the whims of the ruler of the spirit of the air, who is viewed as Satan. But there is a new way.
God has shown great mercy, even to those who lived under the influence of the flesh, to offer new life. This mercy is a free gift through grace. The action of Jesus Christ was to bring reconciliation, to God and one another. The author speaks of divides, divides between Jew and Gentile and divides between humanity and God. Jesus bridges both, he brings the far and near back to God, to life.
Wednesday, August 7, 2013
Job 37-38 & Psalm 88 plus 2 Chronicles 10-12 & Ephesians 1
Job 37-38
Elihu enters into the last of his discourse in Job 37, and if Elihu is an insert into the story of Job then this chapter almost serves as an introduction to God's participation in this passage. Elihu describes the mystery of God and references the theophanies of the past, of God's appearance in storms and great cosmic events. Elihu challenges Job to consider if it is possible to understand such a God who is so glorious and majesty as to transcend the universe.
Elihu almost holds out the possibility that Job might be right, maybe he is righteous, but who can determine God's will or purpose? Did not God bring everything into existence, perhaps there is a purpose in all of this? However we look at it, for Elihu, God is mystery and above questioning.
Finally, God speaks! Job 38 is a watershed moment for finally the words of humans and their interpretations are over, now God will speak and provide clarity, or at least some clarity. God speaks out of the storm, this is not some docile god, but a wild and dynamic God. God asks, who is this who provides darkness? referring to Job's jabs that God has a sinister side, a dark side. Job, at the beginning of the book, had questioned whether the "light" was good.
But then the dialogue gets interesting, "gird up your loins" God says to Job. God challenges Job to defend himself, but Job is not forced into some subservient position, he is told to stand before God, they shall go toe to toe. To say this is unusual in the ancient understanding of God would be an understatement. God is answering Job's cry to speak and now they shall talk.
But before they do, God sort of sets the groundwork. Who are you to question me? Were you then when I set out the universe, etc? It was God who send the boundaries of the universe and made earth safe for humanity. It is God who provides the light that shines on the wicked and brings judgment. It is God who provides for the earth, all the earth and makes nature work to care for all of life.
God almost posits the question, "I have a lot on my hands, what is your problem?"
Psalm 88
Psalm 88 is a desperate plea for help from God, yet it seems that to the psalmist, God has turned a deaf ear. The psalm itself becomes a complaint against God for inaction. The voice seeks relief from turmoil, the turmoil of being near death and deserted by friends. The reality of death brings fear of being separated from God in Sheol, the psalmist wonders, what good would his death do God, does anyone worship God from Sheol?
This unending tribulation seems as if God's wrath itself burns against the psalmist. "Why have I been abandoned?" The voice cries. Such despair has set in that there is no expression of confession, nor demonstration of hope and trust. Just of one being assaulted by life.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 10-12
Rather awkwardly, the author speaks of the revolt against Solomon's son Rehoboam in 2 Chronicles 10. It is awkward because we have not been given a reason for the people to be upset with Solomon let along Rehoboam. We only are told that Jeroboam has fled into Egypt, which readers of Kings would know that he did this to escape Solomon since Solomon wanted him dead for leading a revolt against Solomon's corrupt practices.
Besides this omission the story follows pretty closely with the version in Kings. The author however makes sure to acknowledge that the northerners who revolt are still part of Israel, perhaps this emphasis was placed to help bridge the divides that had occurred in post-exilic Judah.
Initially Rehoboam wants to unite Israel through swords and bloodshed but God counsels against it, instead in 2 Chronicles 11, Rehoboam constructs a defensive network to protect Jerusalem from attack. Again, even God refers to the northerners as kindred, these are not different people but brothers and sisters.
Of note is that the religious structure of the north and south support Rehoboam. The Levites recognize the covenant that God has made with the line of David and remain faithful to this line. This line will continue as the author lists the many wives of Rehoboam.
Even God's covenant will only go so far, which Rehoboam discovers when he strays from God in 2 Chronicles 12. Rehoboam strays from God and even worse takes the people of Judah with him. So God raises up the Egyptians to be a source of punishment. Even though the people repent and God saves Jerusalem, the temple itself is plundered of Solomon's treasures. (My guess is if the treasures had really been important to God, God would have kept them.)
This is our final story of Rehoboam as he dies and takes his place in the genealogy.
Ephesians 1
The Letter to the Ephesians is rather unique in scripture in that it does not have an addressee, in the oldest and most reliable manuscripts "in Ephesus" does not appear in them. Furthermore, the letter speaks in general terms of the work of God and does not specifically address a problem or issue. While it was written to "Gentiles", we are not sure to which Gentiles, it just exhorts them to not live as other Gentiles do.
While tradition holds that Paul wrote this letter, there are enough differences in styles and theology that most scholars question his authorship. However, there are enough similarities that most likely a follower of Paul wrote it in Paul's name sometime during the last third of the first century.
After a brief introduction in which the author claims the apostolic name of Paul, he immediately launches in the praise of God for a salvific plan that was inserted into the cosmos from the very beginning and that plan culminates in Jesus Christ. We have been joined into this plan by the work and ministry of Jesus. The author demonstrates that the work of Jesus is not just limited to humanity but all of the cosmos. It is the message of Christ that is central to believers that is marked by the Holy Spirit.
Paul, or the author, then enters into prayer, that the church, whether at Ephesus or wherever else this letter was intended, may be deepened in faith by the revelation of God the Father through the Spirit. Through this knowledge the faithful know the power of Christ and the body of Christ.
Elihu enters into the last of his discourse in Job 37, and if Elihu is an insert into the story of Job then this chapter almost serves as an introduction to God's participation in this passage. Elihu describes the mystery of God and references the theophanies of the past, of God's appearance in storms and great cosmic events. Elihu challenges Job to consider if it is possible to understand such a God who is so glorious and majesty as to transcend the universe.
Elihu almost holds out the possibility that Job might be right, maybe he is righteous, but who can determine God's will or purpose? Did not God bring everything into existence, perhaps there is a purpose in all of this? However we look at it, for Elihu, God is mystery and above questioning.
Finally, God speaks! Job 38 is a watershed moment for finally the words of humans and their interpretations are over, now God will speak and provide clarity, or at least some clarity. God speaks out of the storm, this is not some docile god, but a wild and dynamic God. God asks, who is this who provides darkness? referring to Job's jabs that God has a sinister side, a dark side. Job, at the beginning of the book, had questioned whether the "light" was good.
But then the dialogue gets interesting, "gird up your loins" God says to Job. God challenges Job to defend himself, but Job is not forced into some subservient position, he is told to stand before God, they shall go toe to toe. To say this is unusual in the ancient understanding of God would be an understatement. God is answering Job's cry to speak and now they shall talk.
But before they do, God sort of sets the groundwork. Who are you to question me? Were you then when I set out the universe, etc? It was God who send the boundaries of the universe and made earth safe for humanity. It is God who provides the light that shines on the wicked and brings judgment. It is God who provides for the earth, all the earth and makes nature work to care for all of life.
God almost posits the question, "I have a lot on my hands, what is your problem?"
Psalm 88
Psalm 88 is a desperate plea for help from God, yet it seems that to the psalmist, God has turned a deaf ear. The psalm itself becomes a complaint against God for inaction. The voice seeks relief from turmoil, the turmoil of being near death and deserted by friends. The reality of death brings fear of being separated from God in Sheol, the psalmist wonders, what good would his death do God, does anyone worship God from Sheol?
This unending tribulation seems as if God's wrath itself burns against the psalmist. "Why have I been abandoned?" The voice cries. Such despair has set in that there is no expression of confession, nor demonstration of hope and trust. Just of one being assaulted by life.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 10-12
Rather awkwardly, the author speaks of the revolt against Solomon's son Rehoboam in 2 Chronicles 10. It is awkward because we have not been given a reason for the people to be upset with Solomon let along Rehoboam. We only are told that Jeroboam has fled into Egypt, which readers of Kings would know that he did this to escape Solomon since Solomon wanted him dead for leading a revolt against Solomon's corrupt practices.
Besides this omission the story follows pretty closely with the version in Kings. The author however makes sure to acknowledge that the northerners who revolt are still part of Israel, perhaps this emphasis was placed to help bridge the divides that had occurred in post-exilic Judah.
Initially Rehoboam wants to unite Israel through swords and bloodshed but God counsels against it, instead in 2 Chronicles 11, Rehoboam constructs a defensive network to protect Jerusalem from attack. Again, even God refers to the northerners as kindred, these are not different people but brothers and sisters.
Of note is that the religious structure of the north and south support Rehoboam. The Levites recognize the covenant that God has made with the line of David and remain faithful to this line. This line will continue as the author lists the many wives of Rehoboam.
Even God's covenant will only go so far, which Rehoboam discovers when he strays from God in 2 Chronicles 12. Rehoboam strays from God and even worse takes the people of Judah with him. So God raises up the Egyptians to be a source of punishment. Even though the people repent and God saves Jerusalem, the temple itself is plundered of Solomon's treasures. (My guess is if the treasures had really been important to God, God would have kept them.)
This is our final story of Rehoboam as he dies and takes his place in the genealogy.
Ephesians 1
The Letter to the Ephesians is rather unique in scripture in that it does not have an addressee, in the oldest and most reliable manuscripts "in Ephesus" does not appear in them. Furthermore, the letter speaks in general terms of the work of God and does not specifically address a problem or issue. While it was written to "Gentiles", we are not sure to which Gentiles, it just exhorts them to not live as other Gentiles do.
While tradition holds that Paul wrote this letter, there are enough differences in styles and theology that most scholars question his authorship. However, there are enough similarities that most likely a follower of Paul wrote it in Paul's name sometime during the last third of the first century.
After a brief introduction in which the author claims the apostolic name of Paul, he immediately launches in the praise of God for a salvific plan that was inserted into the cosmos from the very beginning and that plan culminates in Jesus Christ. We have been joined into this plan by the work and ministry of Jesus. The author demonstrates that the work of Jesus is not just limited to humanity but all of the cosmos. It is the message of Christ that is central to believers that is marked by the Holy Spirit.
Paul, or the author, then enters into prayer, that the church, whether at Ephesus or wherever else this letter was intended, may be deepened in faith by the revelation of God the Father through the Spirit. Through this knowledge the faithful know the power of Christ and the body of Christ.
Job 35-36 & Philippians 1 plus 2 Chronicles 8-9 & Psalm 72
Job 35-36
Job 35 is a rather interesting chapter in that Elihu seems to be addressing self-righteous inaction of both Job and his friends. All seem to claim to be righteous but Elihu wonders how this righteousness has impacted others. Has the righteousness of the friends helped Job at all? Or how does this righteousness impact God? Does it influence God in anyway? Perhaps this self-righteousness hides one's ability to hear or see God's response?
Elihu continues but now in Job 36 he really emphasizes God's righteousness and care. God sees all and knows all, nothing gets by God, he does not ignore the righteous or the wicked. Elihu is concerned that Job only seems to be obsessed with the wicked in general but not about his own situation. Perhaps he is righteous, perhaps not. Elihu cautions Job, however, against calling for the judgment of God. He also warns Job, no matter how disconsolate he gets, not to turn towards iniquity.
Philippians 1
According to Acts, Paul and his colleagues founded the church in Philippi on Paul's second missionary journey. Philippi was named after King Philip, the father of Alexander the Great. It was a Roman city located on the important Roman highway, the Via Egnatia and the region was highly settled by Roman soldiers who retired in the area.
Paul is writing to the church while in prison and his letter is a response to the visit from a member of the church. The tone of the Letter to the Philippians is completely different than letters to the Corinthians and the Galatians, there is no doubt that the community of Philippi and Paul have a bond of love that has developed.
From the introduction of the letter we find that this is not just a letter from Paul but from Timothy as well. The letter is addressed to the saints in Philippi and we begin to see the early structure of the church as titles of bishops and deacons are mentioned, so as early as 50-60 CE, these offices have developed. The word translated as bishops can also mean overseers.
As Paul begins to get into the body of the letter, his love for the Philippians is evident. His words are warm, encouraging and confident. But this warm is reciprocal, the reason for the letter is because the Philippians sent Epaphroditus to see Paul while Paul was in jail, they truly care about Paul. Paul prays that the love that they hold for him and each other will continue to grow and overflow until the day of Christ's return.
As Paul makes reference to his present state, which is imprisonment, he feels that this personal setback has actually helped the cause of spreading the gospel, for many of the Roman leadership has come into contact with him and heard the gospel message. Paul's courage in being imprisoned has emboldened others to remain faithful to the truth. His example is one of love and it is being emulated.
Paul is looking forward to his trial, he is confident that no matter he will be redeemed, and even uses phrases common to Job to express his confidence in being vindicated by God. If he should die, he fears not, but he knows the victory is already won.
This is the kind of boldness that Paul encourages the Philippians to continue in, to live a life worthy of Christ.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 8-9
The temple complete, Solomon now turns his attention to nation building. Whereas Kings reports that Solomon gives cities to Hiram of Lebanon, 2 Chronicles 8 has Solomon as the recipient of the cities. This could be just scribal error in copying the original account or it could be the author trying to fix an embarrassing situation in which Solomon gave away the blessing of the land.
The author also cleans up another aspect of Kings, no Israelite is conscripting to work by Solomon, just the descendents of the people who were in the land when Israel conquered it. Also, Pharoah's daughter, whom Solomon marries, is moved out of the Jerusalem since the city was sanctified by God. The presence of an Egyptian would not be appropriate in Jerusalem after God makes it the divine residence.
Finally, Solomon puts the temple in proper order with Levites and priests set aside to do their work. It would seem that Solomon's actions are viewed favorably by God, for he is blessed with riches.
Now the nations come to test Solomon and his wisdom in 2 Chronicles 9. The queen of Sheba, which is a region near modern day Yemen, comes to inquire of Solomon. The kingdom of Sheba was a prosperous trading nation, rich in spices. Most likely she has come north to visit the trade routes and stops to inquire of Solomon. She attempts to stump Solomon but is unable to and is further impressed by his house, which is not the temple but the massive structure he build for himself.
In addition to the nations bearing witness to Solomon, the riches that he receives reflects prosperity of one blessed by God. It is almost an embarrassment of riches, actually from the sounds of it, it was embarrassing. The chapter concludes with a rather simple closing, but notice that there is no mention of Solomon's sin. No reasons that the rest of Israel might revolt. Nothing. I would say a little whitewashing is taking place.
Psalm 72
This is a Royal Psalm, perhaps ascribed to Solomon, for the coronation of the king. It is prayer for the king to provide justice in the land, justice meaning providing for the poor and needy. The rule of such a king extends into the entire world for it is based upon the righteousness of God. A blessing is asked for, for the king that is, to serve for a long tenure and to be enriched by the tributes of other nations.
The final verse is a marking that divides the Book of Psalms into sections. This psalm ends the second section of Psalms.
Tuesday, August 6, 2013
Job 33-34 & Luke 24 plus 2 Chronicles 6-7 & Galatians 6
Job 33-34
Having chastized the friends, Elihu now turns to Job in Job 33. He begins by pointing out that he is like Job, yet he seems to infer that he has some sort of divine inspiration. But then shifts into chastising Job for challenging God.
According to Elihu, God speaks in two ways, through dreams or visions and through suffering. Both are used to warn mortals to turn away from their deeds and turn to God. As one suffers, a redeemer must step forward, in Elihu's example, an angel who can be an intercessor for God, the person can thus repent and be redeemed. This is God's gracious way, according to Elihu.
Not exactly a great system, I would have to agree with Job. Something better should exist. Elihu seems to speak from wisdom and inspiration, but Job is still holding out for something more. I am glad he does.
Elihu continues in Job 34 making his case that God is just, this is the basis for the universe. Since God is just and brings the mighty down, then what right do humans have to question this sovereign ruler? It is God who judges the universe and keeps the scales of justice balance, but God will do it in his own way. Mortals do not have standing to question this justice. They must just seek forgiveness.
Elihu is making a rather good argument but his god is far off and aloof, whereas God of Israel has always been accessible, so in this regard, Job is right that God has not answered him.
Luke 24
The Resurrection is the defining story of Jesus Christ and God's love for us. But the Resurrection is also the continual work of a faithful God, and this cannot be overlooked. When Paul speaks of righteousness, he speaks of God's faithfulness to the covenant; even as we fall away from the covenant God remains faithful. From this righteousness we trust in God to fulfill God's promises.
The Resurrection is the fulfillment of God's promise to redeem not just Israel but the nations. Throughout Luke 24, Jesus and others continually refer to how this was foretold, this was not a surprise, this was God's plan. While the Resurrection shocks and amazes us for its unbelievable display of power, it is God's love and faithfulness that ring true.
For all of Satan's manuevring, for all of the evil in the hearts of humanity, nothing could stop God from fulfilling God's word and promises. When we think about these promises, of forgiveness and life eternal, remember God's faithfulness, that is the sign of the Resurrection.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 6-7
The temple, now completed, needs to be dedicated. In 2 Chronicles 6, Solomon begins the dedication. For Solomon the temple represents a couple of God's decisions, first is the selection of David and his family to rule over Israel and the second is the choice of Jerusalem as the location of God's seat. The opening verses review these decisions.
In the prayer, Solomon gives thanks for God's anointing of David and asks God to fulfill the promise to David by being faithful to Solomon as well. He then entreats God to reside in the temple, to make residence there. Then, Solomon offers prayers to create a system of forgiveness, for the temple to serve as a place for Israel to become right before God. This however means that God needs to be present and to forgive Israel when they sin.
The closing of the prayer differs from the version in 1 Kings, which at the end references Moses. The author ends this part of the prayer with a portion of Psalm 132, which references David and covenant. Again the chronicler is very concerned to demonstrate the continuity of David's line.
God's response to the prayer begins 2 Chronicles 7, as fire came a consumed the offerings that were provided. God has accepted the dedication and the prayers of Solomon and will reside in the temple. This action leads to celebrations and a week of worship that all of Israel, from the furthest northern territories to the deep southern territories celebrated.
God now appears before Solomon and agrees to Solomon terms but also establishes his own terms. God will remain faithful to the temple but Solomon and Israel must remain faithful to God. If not, then they will be caste out of the land.
Galatians 6
Paul continues in his instruction of living in the Spirit and this includes caring for one another, even one who has sinned. It is the love found in living in the Spirit that enables us to forgive and help each other through difficult times. A person of Spirit does not turn their back on another just because the other may have sinned! No instead they help them with their burdens to bring them back to the truth.
Paul continues in his exhortation because God will not be mocked, so the Galatians must show the fruits of the Spirit, their works must reflect that they are in Christ. God will judge and God knows the truth. What your sow, is what you will reap.
Finally Paul closes with one final argument, to not follow those who do not truly believe in the Law or aim to follow it either as the Law or as Christ. His opponents only seek to exalt in the lives of the Galatians, whereas Paul only seeks to exalt God in Christ. Live in Christ, and only Christ is Paul's final charge.
Having chastized the friends, Elihu now turns to Job in Job 33. He begins by pointing out that he is like Job, yet he seems to infer that he has some sort of divine inspiration. But then shifts into chastising Job for challenging God.
According to Elihu, God speaks in two ways, through dreams or visions and through suffering. Both are used to warn mortals to turn away from their deeds and turn to God. As one suffers, a redeemer must step forward, in Elihu's example, an angel who can be an intercessor for God, the person can thus repent and be redeemed. This is God's gracious way, according to Elihu.
Not exactly a great system, I would have to agree with Job. Something better should exist. Elihu seems to speak from wisdom and inspiration, but Job is still holding out for something more. I am glad he does.
Elihu continues in Job 34 making his case that God is just, this is the basis for the universe. Since God is just and brings the mighty down, then what right do humans have to question this sovereign ruler? It is God who judges the universe and keeps the scales of justice balance, but God will do it in his own way. Mortals do not have standing to question this justice. They must just seek forgiveness.
Elihu is making a rather good argument but his god is far off and aloof, whereas God of Israel has always been accessible, so in this regard, Job is right that God has not answered him.
Luke 24
The Resurrection is the defining story of Jesus Christ and God's love for us. But the Resurrection is also the continual work of a faithful God, and this cannot be overlooked. When Paul speaks of righteousness, he speaks of God's faithfulness to the covenant; even as we fall away from the covenant God remains faithful. From this righteousness we trust in God to fulfill God's promises.
The Resurrection is the fulfillment of God's promise to redeem not just Israel but the nations. Throughout Luke 24, Jesus and others continually refer to how this was foretold, this was not a surprise, this was God's plan. While the Resurrection shocks and amazes us for its unbelievable display of power, it is God's love and faithfulness that ring true.
For all of Satan's manuevring, for all of the evil in the hearts of humanity, nothing could stop God from fulfilling God's word and promises. When we think about these promises, of forgiveness and life eternal, remember God's faithfulness, that is the sign of the Resurrection.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 6-7
The temple, now completed, needs to be dedicated. In 2 Chronicles 6, Solomon begins the dedication. For Solomon the temple represents a couple of God's decisions, first is the selection of David and his family to rule over Israel and the second is the choice of Jerusalem as the location of God's seat. The opening verses review these decisions.
In the prayer, Solomon gives thanks for God's anointing of David and asks God to fulfill the promise to David by being faithful to Solomon as well. He then entreats God to reside in the temple, to make residence there. Then, Solomon offers prayers to create a system of forgiveness, for the temple to serve as a place for Israel to become right before God. This however means that God needs to be present and to forgive Israel when they sin.
The closing of the prayer differs from the version in 1 Kings, which at the end references Moses. The author ends this part of the prayer with a portion of Psalm 132, which references David and covenant. Again the chronicler is very concerned to demonstrate the continuity of David's line.
God's response to the prayer begins 2 Chronicles 7, as fire came a consumed the offerings that were provided. God has accepted the dedication and the prayers of Solomon and will reside in the temple. This action leads to celebrations and a week of worship that all of Israel, from the furthest northern territories to the deep southern territories celebrated.
God now appears before Solomon and agrees to Solomon terms but also establishes his own terms. God will remain faithful to the temple but Solomon and Israel must remain faithful to God. If not, then they will be caste out of the land.
Galatians 6
Paul continues in his instruction of living in the Spirit and this includes caring for one another, even one who has sinned. It is the love found in living in the Spirit that enables us to forgive and help each other through difficult times. A person of Spirit does not turn their back on another just because the other may have sinned! No instead they help them with their burdens to bring them back to the truth.
Paul continues in his exhortation because God will not be mocked, so the Galatians must show the fruits of the Spirit, their works must reflect that they are in Christ. God will judge and God knows the truth. What your sow, is what you will reap.
Finally Paul closes with one final argument, to not follow those who do not truly believe in the Law or aim to follow it either as the Law or as Christ. His opponents only seek to exalt in the lives of the Galatians, whereas Paul only seeks to exalt God in Christ. Live in Christ, and only Christ is Paul's final charge.
Friday, August 2, 2013
Job 31-32 & Psalm 86-87 plus 2 Chronicles 3-5 & Galatians 5
Job 31-32
Job continues in looking at his life in Job 31 and lists out fourteen sins that he has remained righteous to and in the way the passage is written, it is supposed to reflect his righteous life. Job challenges others and God to judge him on these topics. It seems as if Job is still searching for what he might have done wrong and he still cannot find a reason that he might be labeled as "wicked" and why God would have abandoned him.
Towards the end of the chapter, he affixes his signature. He is laying out his defense and now he calls upon the Lord to provide a document indicting him for his behavior. If there is one, he will wear it around his neck. Job is pretty bold in his proclamations, and treads on thin ice in this boldness, at least in the standards of the ancients.
To add a final statement, he bears witness that if found guilty even the land will rise up against him.
A new character arrives in Job 32, which raises some eyebrows as many commentators wonder if the stories of Elihu is a late addition to the Book of Job, as the speeches of Elihu seem to break the coherence of the book overall. However, Elihu is here so let's deal with his presence.
At first, Job might think he has someone on his side as Elihu arrives and speaks. He criticizes the friends of Job for failing to speak from wisdom and failing to address Job's situation. He has sat quietly, knowing his place a young man but now he cannot. Elihu seems to imply he has divine inspiration on his side, but we will see that perhaps he does not.
Psalm 86-87
The psalmist lifts up a prayer for help, but it is a rather sophisticated prayer. It opens with a general request for help, then shifts into a prayer of adoration in verse 5. This again shifts to supplication in verse 11. Finally in verse 14 we get a sense for the prayer request but then quickly turns to a plea for help.
The psalmist in Psalm 86 is devoted and faithful who turns to God in trust and hope. The example lays out a guide for our prayers as well. Prayers that seek assistance yet are rooted in the trust of God.
The City of Zion is exalted in Psalm 87 for Zion is the blessed city of God. Yet it is not just for Israel but that faithful in every nation know that Zion is the Lord's. It is the seat of God's blessing in the world.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 3-5
A rather detailed account of the temple and its construction takes place in 2 Chronicles 3-4 and for the most part corresponds with the account in 1 Kings. The only major piece omitted has to do with Solomon's home that he built at the same time, a home that dwarfed the temple.
Once completed, it is time to bring the Ark to its new home in 2 Chronicles 5. Again, all of Israel gathers and the Levites bring the Ark to the temple, placing it in the center of the temple, in the Holy of Holies. As a sign of blessing, the temple fills with a cloud representing the presence of God. God is pleased.
Galatians 5
Why is the question. If you believe in Christ and it is your faith in Christ that brings salvation then why would you turn to other behaviors seeking something less? The Law and its practices do not offer salvation, so why pursue those practices? That is Paul's point as he opens the fifth chapter, if you accept circumcise as a means to fulfilling the Law and Covenant then you are in truth seeking something other than Jesus. And why would you do that?
Who could have possibly tripped up the community, they had been running the race so well but now, if they follow these other teachers, will be back at the starting line. For Paul one can only truly embrace the freedom that comes from God's grace in Jesus Christ, if you fully holds to Christ. This means one turns away from the flesh, turns away from the temptations of this world, turns away from the behavior of this world. A follower of Christ turns to love and the fruit of that love.
Job continues in looking at his life in Job 31 and lists out fourteen sins that he has remained righteous to and in the way the passage is written, it is supposed to reflect his righteous life. Job challenges others and God to judge him on these topics. It seems as if Job is still searching for what he might have done wrong and he still cannot find a reason that he might be labeled as "wicked" and why God would have abandoned him.
Towards the end of the chapter, he affixes his signature. He is laying out his defense and now he calls upon the Lord to provide a document indicting him for his behavior. If there is one, he will wear it around his neck. Job is pretty bold in his proclamations, and treads on thin ice in this boldness, at least in the standards of the ancients.
To add a final statement, he bears witness that if found guilty even the land will rise up against him.
A new character arrives in Job 32, which raises some eyebrows as many commentators wonder if the stories of Elihu is a late addition to the Book of Job, as the speeches of Elihu seem to break the coherence of the book overall. However, Elihu is here so let's deal with his presence.
At first, Job might think he has someone on his side as Elihu arrives and speaks. He criticizes the friends of Job for failing to speak from wisdom and failing to address Job's situation. He has sat quietly, knowing his place a young man but now he cannot. Elihu seems to imply he has divine inspiration on his side, but we will see that perhaps he does not.
Psalm 86-87
The psalmist lifts up a prayer for help, but it is a rather sophisticated prayer. It opens with a general request for help, then shifts into a prayer of adoration in verse 5. This again shifts to supplication in verse 11. Finally in verse 14 we get a sense for the prayer request but then quickly turns to a plea for help.
The psalmist in Psalm 86 is devoted and faithful who turns to God in trust and hope. The example lays out a guide for our prayers as well. Prayers that seek assistance yet are rooted in the trust of God.
The City of Zion is exalted in Psalm 87 for Zion is the blessed city of God. Yet it is not just for Israel but that faithful in every nation know that Zion is the Lord's. It is the seat of God's blessing in the world.
Backlogged Posts
2 Chronicles 3-5
A rather detailed account of the temple and its construction takes place in 2 Chronicles 3-4 and for the most part corresponds with the account in 1 Kings. The only major piece omitted has to do with Solomon's home that he built at the same time, a home that dwarfed the temple.
Once completed, it is time to bring the Ark to its new home in 2 Chronicles 5. Again, all of Israel gathers and the Levites bring the Ark to the temple, placing it in the center of the temple, in the Holy of Holies. As a sign of blessing, the temple fills with a cloud representing the presence of God. God is pleased.
Galatians 5
Why is the question. If you believe in Christ and it is your faith in Christ that brings salvation then why would you turn to other behaviors seeking something less? The Law and its practices do not offer salvation, so why pursue those practices? That is Paul's point as he opens the fifth chapter, if you accept circumcise as a means to fulfilling the Law and Covenant then you are in truth seeking something other than Jesus. And why would you do that?
Who could have possibly tripped up the community, they had been running the race so well but now, if they follow these other teachers, will be back at the starting line. For Paul one can only truly embrace the freedom that comes from God's grace in Jesus Christ, if you fully holds to Christ. This means one turns away from the flesh, turns away from the temptations of this world, turns away from the behavior of this world. A follower of Christ turns to love and the fruit of that love.
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